Fig 1.
Source: authors.
Table 1.
Estimated criteria weights.
Fig 2.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest impacts in west and central Africa.
Source: authors’ computations. Note (alphabetical order): DP: dual-purpose; DR: disease resistance; DT: drought tolerance; EM: early maturity; HSY: high and stable yield; ICM: integrated crop management; IPM: integrated pest management; IR: insect resistance; LowP: Low P-tolerant varieties; WR-Anthrcse: resistance to anthracnose; WR-Str: resistance to Striga.
Fig 3.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest positive impacts in eastern Africa.
Source: authors’ computations. Note (alphabetical order): DR: disease resistance; DT: drought tolerance; EM: early maturity; ICM: integrated crop management; IPM: integrated pest management; IR: insect resistance; Itcrop: intercropping; PT-I: photo- and thermo-insensitive; PT-I: photo- and thermo-insensitive; SF-M: soil fertility management; WR-Anthrcse: resistance to anthracnose; WR-Str: resistance to Striga.
Fig 4.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest positive impacts in southern Africa.
Source: authors’ computations. Note (alphabetical order): C&MB: cleisto varieties and maintenance breeding; DR: disease resistance; DT: drought tolerance; EM: early maturity; ICL & Fert: Use of inoculant and fertilizers, especially Phosphorus; ICM: integrated crop management;; IPM: integrated pest management; IR: insect resistance; Itcrop: intercropping; IWM: integrated weed management; Mat: matching varieties with growing period; PT-I: photo- and hermos-insensitive; SF-M: soil fertility management.
Fig 5.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest positive impacts in South Asia.
Source: authors’ computations. Note (alphabetical order): DP: dual-purpose; DR: disease resistance; DR-Fwilt-Rrot: Varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt and root rots; DR-mold: Botrytis gray mold-resistant varieties; DT: drought tolerance; HSY: high and stable yield; EM: early maturity; HT: heat tolerance; HT-W: herbicide tolerance for weed control; IPM: disease resistance and integrated pest management; SF-M: soil fertility management.
Fig 6.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest positive multi-dimensional impacts in west and central Africa.
Source: author’s computations. Note (alphabetical order): Afltxn & GAP: Aflatoxin management including Good Agricultural Practices; DP: dual-purpose; DR: disease resistance; DT: drought tolerance; EM: early maturity; HSY: high and stable yield; ICM: integrated crop management; IPM: integrated pest management; IR: insect resistance; LowP: Low P-tolerant varieties; Soil fert.: soil fertility management; WR-Anthrcse: resistance to anthracnose; WR-Str: resistance to Striga.
Fig 7.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest positive multi-dimensional impacts in eastern Africa.
Source: authors’ computations. Note (alphabetical order): DR: disease resistance; DT: drought tolerance; EM: early maturity; ICM: integrated crop management; IPM: integrated pest management; Itcrop: intercropping; PT-I: photo- and thermo-insensitive; SF-M: soil fertility management; Water Mng & Fert.: innovative water management and fertilizer regimes; WR-Anthrcse: resistance to anthracnose; WR-Str: resistance to Striga.
Fig 8.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest positive multi-dimensional impacts in southern Africa.
Source authors’ computations. Note (alphabetical order): Agr: optimum planting window; C&MB: cleisto varieties and maintenance breeding; DR: disease resistance; DR: disease resistance; DT: drought tolerance; DT: drought tolerance; IR: insect resistance; EM: early maturity; ICM: integrated crop management; ICM: integrated crop management; IPM: integrated pest management; Itcrop: intercropping; LowP: Low P-tolerant varieties; SF-M: soil fertility management; WR-Str: resistance to Striga.
Fig 9.
The five GLDC technologies with the highest positive multi-dimensional impacts in South Asia.
Source: authors’ computations. Note (alphabetical order): DP: dual-purpose; DR: disease resistance; DR-Fwilt-Cerc: varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt and Cercospora leaf spot; DR-Fwilt-Rrot: varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt and root rots; DR-mold: Botrytis gray mold-resistant varieties; DT: drought tolerance; HSY: high and stable yield; HT: heat tolerance; HT-W: herbicide tolerance for weed control; ICM: integrated crop management; IPM: integrated pest management; Itcrop: intercropping; Low P-tolerant: low P-tolerant variety.