Fig 1.
Schematic diagram of FlexiVent lung function detection.
Fig 2.
Comparison of body weight gain between control group and cigarette smoke exposed group mice.
Note: ** compared with the control group: P<0.01.
Fig 3.
Changes in lung function of mice exposed to continuous inhalation of CS.
(A) FEV0.1: forced expiratory volume in 0.1 seconds; (B) FVC: forced lung capacity; (C) FEV0.1/FVC: 0.1 second rate; (D) PEF: Peak expiratory flow rate; (E) Rn: Central airway resistance. Note: There is a difference compared to the control group, *: p<0.05; * * *: P<0.001.
Fig 4.
Pathological changes in lung tissue of mice exposed to continuous inhalation of CS.
(A) HE staining of lung tissue sections (x 200 times); (B) Mean linear intercept (MIL); (C) Mean alveolar number (MAN); (D) The ratio of parenchymal area to total lung area (PAA). (Black arrow: alveolar wall rupture, alveolar dilation and fusion; orange arrow: inflammatory cell infiltration; blue arrow: capillary congestion; yellow arrow: lymphocytic lesion). Note: There is a difference compared to the control group, *: p<0.05; * *: P<0.01; * * *: P<0.001.
Fig 5.
Changes in inflammatory cell count in BALF of mice exposed to continuous CS inhalation.
(A) The proportion of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes to the total number of cells in the lavage fluid in each group; (B) The total number of inflammatory cells in each group of BALF; Number of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in each group of BALF (C-E). Note: There is a difference compared to the control group, *: p<0.05; * *: P<0.01; * * *: P<0.001.
Fig 6.
Changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in BALF of mice exposed to continuous CS inhalation.
(A) The expression of IL-1 β; (B) The expression of IL-6; (C) The expression of TNF- α. Note: There is a difference compared to the control group, *: p<0.05; * *: P<0.01; * * *: P<0.001.
Fig 7.
Changes in sRAGE levels in BALF after 120 consecutive days of CS exposure.
Note: There is a difference compared to the control group, *: p<0.05; * *: P<0.01.
Fig 8.
Correlation between sRAGE levels and pulmonary dysfunction and inflammatory response in CS exposed 120 day group mice.
(A) The relationship between sRAGE and FEV0.1; (B) The relationship between sRAGE and FEV0.1/FVC; (C) The relationship between sRAGE and neutrophil count; (D) The relationship between sRAGE and IL-1 β.