Fig 1.
1-MX is produced through 3-demethylation of theophylline and 7-demethylation of paraxanthine.
XO = xanthine oxidase; AFMU = 5-acetyl-amino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil; AAMU = 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil; NAT2 = N-acetyltransferase 2; CYP1A2 = cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2.
Fig 2.
Timeline of treatments and tests.
Table 1.
Changes in body weight.
Table 2.
1-MX significantly changed various markers of health.
Fig 3.
1-MX significantly improved escape latency independent of age.
Separate bars are displayed for young and old rats in the 1-MX and CON conditions. Bars indicate mean responses in each group, with error bars indicating standard deviations. Points on the graph indicate individual responses. * indicates significant difference between groups within the specified age group (p<0.001). # indicates significant difference between ages (p<0.001).
Fig 4.
1-MX significantly increases levels of neurotransmitters.
For all neurotransmitters, statistically significant effects of group and age were observed (p<0.01 for each), without statistically significant group × age interactions. Different letters within an age group indicate statistically different values between groups. # indicates a significant difference based on age (i.e., the age main effect).