Fig 1.
Locations of LIFEPLAN sites around the world.
Global sites are shown as black dots. The dense clusters of points without fill in Madagascar and the Nordic countries are the sites forming the National and Nested designs.
Fig 2.
Histogram of actual distances within site pairs.
In choosing natural / urban site pairs, we aimed for a distance of 20–50 km within pairs. Finding a natural / urban site pair 20–50 km apart that was also accessible and otherwise comparable was not always possible, and we accepted some site pairs that fell outside this range if the locations were otherwise valuable in terms of global coverage. The actual distribution of distances within the finally selected site pairs is shown here.
Fig 3.
Comparisons within site pairs.
(A) Differences in elevation (metres above sea level) within natural/urban site pairs. (B) Differences in Human Footprint Index within natural/urban site pairs.
Fig 4.
Locations of sites in the National design.
Black points show National design sites in Madagascar (left) and the Nordic countries (right).
Fig 5.
Locations of sites in the Nested design.
(A) Schematic of the Nested scale field design in Madagascar (top) and Sweden (bottom). (B) Maps showing the actual but approximate site locations for the Nested design in Madagascar (top) and Sweden (bottom).
Fig 6.
Two alternate LIFEPLAN site designs.
(A) Design of LIFEPLAN one-hectare site with five sampling points. (B) Design of LIFEPLAN transect with three sampling points. Cameras and AudioMoths are placed within 10 m of each sampling point. Soil samples are collected in an area within approximately 5 m of the camera and audio recorder. The Malaise trap and cyclone sampler can be placed anywhere within the site, preferably close to the centre or middle but not in the camera’s field of view.
Table 1.
Metadata fields recorded for each activity.
Fig 7.
Physical samples collected in project LIFEPLAN.
(A) Two cleaned and freeze-dried cyclone samples; an insect was removed from the tube on the left. (B) A Malaise sample collected after one week in the field. (C) A soil sample inside a glassine bag.
Table 2.
Example of a processing metadata table for cyclone samples.
Fig 8.
Example of photo series from LIFEPLAN cameras.
The cameras record a five-image burst when triggered. (A) In daylight. (B) In darkness.
Fig 9.
Audio recording converted into a spectrogram for analysis.