Fig 1.
A diagrammatic representation of the ‘4+2’ pattern for the intercropping of soybean and corn.
1. Corn plant, 2. Soybean plant.
Fig 2.
Diagram of the internal structure of a swinging arm cam-type seed planter.
1. Fertilizer box, 2. Moving duck bill, 3. Fixing duck bill, 4. Side plate, 5. Divider, 6. Moving duck bill, 7. Seed scoop, 8. Side plate, 9. Burrow planter shaft, 10. Burrow planter shel, 11. Roller, 12. Cam group mechanism, 13. Reset spring, 14. Movable pendulum rod.
Fig 3.
The working process of the dibbler seeder.
I. Filling area, II. Seeding area, III. Carrying area, 1. Shaft of burrow planter, 2. Cam group mechanism, 3. Seed, 4. Take seed blocks.
Fig 4.
The hole forming device structure.
(a) the hole forming device model drawing, (b) principle schematic. 1. Movable swing rod, 2. Reset spring, 3. Fixed beak, 4. Moving beak, 5. Fixed base.
Table 1.
Corn and soybean triaxial dimensions.
Fig 5.
The hole formers and cam motion analysis.
(a) Cam and pendulum-lever geometry relation, (b) Cam and pendulum-lever locomotor relations.
Table 2.
Pendulum-lever cam motion law.
Fig 6.
Schematic diagram of the relative motion of the pendulum-lever and the cam.
Fig 7.
1. Bearing, 2. Fixing plate, 3. Roller, 4. Limit rod, 5. Return spring.
Fig 8.
Analysis of forces on pendulum-lever topmost part and cam roller.
(a) Cam roller 1, (b) Cam roller 2, (c) Cam roller 3, (d) Cam roller 4, (e) Cam roller 5, (f) Cam roller 6.
Fig 9.
Coupled simulation flow.
Table 3.
Soil contact parameters.
Fig 10.
(a) Corn seed dimensions, (b) Soybean seed dimensions.
Table 4.
Discrete element simulation parameters.
Fig 11.
Schematic diagram of seeds falling on soil particles.
Table 5.
Experimental factors and levels for seeding simulation with hole seeders.
Fig 12.
Results of one-factor simulation tests for corn and soybean.
(a) and (d) is the Influence of rotation speed of the hole seeder on each index, (b) and (e) is the influence of swinging rod Angle on each index, (c) and (f) is the influence of roller number of cam set on each index. (Please refer to the attachment for relevant S3 Fig. 12 data).
Table 6.
Design variable coding.
Table 7.
Simulation test program and results of seed discharging by hole seeder.
Table 8.
Analysis of variance for response surface regression models.
Fig 13.
Effect of interactions on qualified rate.
(a) and (d) Interaction between X1X2, (b) and (e) Interaction between X1X3, (c) and (f) Interaction between X2X3.
Fig 14.
Effect of interaction on rebroadcast rate.
(a) and (d) Interaction between X1X2, (b) and (e) Interaction between X1X3, (c) and (f) Interaction between X2X3.
Fig 15.
Effect of interaction on miss seeding rate.
(a) and (d) Interaction between X1X2, (b) and (e) Interaction between X1X3, (c) and (f) Interaction between X2X3.
Fig 16.
(a) Test site, (b) Emergence condition. (Please refer to the attachment for relevant data S1 Fig. 16 original photo).
Fig 17.
Test results before and after optimization.
(a–c) is the Optimize the number of qualified pre-hole particles, (d–f) is the Qualified number of holes after optimization. (Please refer to the attachment for relevant data S2 Fig. 17 original photo).
Table 9.
Field test results.