Fig 1.
Omega-3FA improved DEHP-induced impairment of learning and memory capacity in mice (n = 10-15).
The diagram shows the timeline of experimental protocols (A). Representative swimming routes of each group during the spatial acquisition phase and probe trial in the Morris water maze (MWM) (B). In spatial acquisition phase, the time spent to find the hidden platform of mice is shown (C). In the probe trial, the total number of crossings the platform in the target quadrant of mice were shown (D). ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 compared to the control group; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 compared to the DEHP group.
Fig 2.
Effects of Omega-3FA on synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus of mice exposed to DEHP (n = 5).
Comparison of synaptic structure in the mice hippocampus among groups (A). PSD, postsynaptic density (arrows); SC, synaptic cleft (arrowheads). Quantitatively changes in the PSD thickness and SC width of synaptic in the mice hippocampus among groups (B). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared to the control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to the DEHP group.
Fig 3.
Detail information of differentially expressed miRNAs (n = 3).
(A) Scatter plot of differentially expressed miRNAs in hippocampus. Red and green dots indicate up and downregulation of miRNA, respectively, relative to the control (P < 0.05). (B) Venn diagram showing the number of significantly modulated miRNAs in DEHP vs control and DEHP+Omega-3 FA vs DEHP. (C) Heat map representation of significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (group averages) in control, DEHP and DEHP+Omega-3 FA-treated mice.
Table 1.
The GO terms significantly changed in cellular component (GOTERM CC FAT) of differentially expressed miRNAs in DEHP vs CON and DEHP+Omega3FA vs DEHP groups.
Table 2.
Postsynaptic density related differentially expressed miRNAs in DEHP vs CON and DEHP+Omega-3 FA vs DEHP groups.
Fig 4.
The differential relative expression of PSD related miRNAs in hippocampus were validated by Real-Time PCR (n
= 3). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001compared to the control group; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 compared to the DEHP group.
Fig 5.
Detail information of postsynaptic density (PSD) regulatory miRNAs’ target genes in PSD (The same miRNAs were filled with one color).
Fig 6.
Western blot analysis of the protein levels of Homer1, mGluR5, NMDAR2B and DLG2 in hippocampus (n = 5).
#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs the control group; *p < 0.05 vs the DEHP group.