Fig 1.
HVDC system.
Fig 2.
Typical HVDC tower.
Fig 3.
Typical HVDC submarine cable.
Fig 4.
HVDC system model.
Fig 5.
Induced overvoltage at P1.
Fig 6.
P1 induced voltage under different front time.
Fig 7.
Voltage waveform at 50 KA(10/50) μs.
Fig 8.
P1 induced voltage under different tail time.
Fig 9.
Voltage waveform at 50 KA(1.2/350).
Fig 10.
Hybrid HVDC TL–cable configuration.
Fig 11.
Overvoltage at P1 in the case ofHybrid HVDC TL–cable configurationandHVDC TL configuration.
Fig 12.
P1 induced voltage from a lightning strike at various distances from the rectifier station: 100 km.
Fig 13.
P1 induced voltage from a lightning strike at various distances from the rectifier station: 200 km.
Fig 14.
P1 induced voltage from a lightning strike at various distances from the rectifier station: 400 km.
Fig 15.
P1 induced voltage from a lightning strike at various distances from the rectifier station: 500 km.
Fig 16.
Overvoltage at P1 with and without surge arrester.
Fig 17.
AC/DC fault location.
Fig 18.
PSCAD HVDC fault model.
Fig 19.
Current waveform at both sides.
Fig 20.
Voltage waveform at both sides.
Fig 21.
Current waveform at both sides.
Fig 22.
Voltage waveform at both sides.
Fig 23.
Current waveform at both sides.
Fig 24.
Voltage waveform at both sides.
Fig 25.
Current waveform under DC fault.
Fig 26.
Voltagewaveform under DC fault.
Table 1.
Summary of faults results.