Table 1.
Frequency distribution of e-cigarette shops and POS types in Dhaka city.
Fig 1.
Distribution of POS types by city corporation.
The bar graph illustrates the percentage of POS distribution based on City Corporation. In DSCC, the highest percentage POS type was watches and sunglasses shops (40%) followed by dedicated vape shops (20.8%), cigarette shops (18.3%). On the other hand, in DNCC the majority was dedicated vape shops (30.8%), while the same proportion of watch/sunglass and cigarettes shops were noticed at 16.7%.
Table 2.
Institutions within 100 meters from the POS.
Fig 2.
POS Location based on city corporation.
The distribution of the location of POS based on City Corporation is depicted. It is observed that most of the POS located at shopping malls in both city corporations, whereas 55.0% in DSCC and 37.8% in DNCC followed by 5.1% (DNCC) and 2.5% (DSCC) in residential house, 3.8% (DNCC) and 0.8% (DSCC) in super shop.
Fig 3.
Types of advertisement of e-cigarette in the shop.
The bar diagram illustrates the different types of advertisements displayed in the e-cigarette shop. It can be observed that the majority of advertisements were displayed as posters (64.1%). Additionally, 23.1% of the advertisements were displayed as billboards, while the remaining 20.5% were shown as banners.
Fig 4.
Institutions within 100 meters from the POS by city corporation.
The diagram shows the percentage of different institutions within 100 meters of POSs according to observation. In Dhaka North City Corporation, the highest number of institutions that were found in front or within 100 meters of POS location were colleges (59.2%) and high schools (53.1%) respectively followed by coaching center (20.4%), primary schools (18.4%) etc. The lowest percentage of kindergartens (2%) was found near different POS locations. On the other hand, in Dhaka South City Corporation, maximum percentage of institutions was found within 100 meters of POSs were colleges (31.3%), high schools (31.3%) and hospitals (31.3%) followed by banks (25%), Clinics (18.8%) etc. while the lowest percentage was for coaching centers (6.3%).
Fig 5.
Distributions of e-cigarettes shops in the market of DNCC in Dhaka City.
The results of the buffer and multi-buffer ring analysis are graphically represented on the map. The results provide a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of e-shops in Dhaka North City Corporation. From the map, it is evident that Uttara, Mirpur, Gulshan, Banani, and Adabor are the areas with the highest concentration of e-shops in DNCC.
Fig 6.
Distributions of e-cigarettes shops in the market of DSCC in Dhaka City.
In Dhaka South City Corporation, New Market, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhanmondi, Kalabagan, Motijheel, Shahjahanpur, and Chak Bazar are areas with a high concentration of e-cigarette shops.
Fig 7.
Distribution of e-cigarettes shops in DNCC within 100 meters distance from academic institutions.
In Dhaka North City Corporation, it is identified that 16 e-cigarette shops are situated within 100 meters of academic institutions.
Fig 8.
Distribution of e-cigarettes shops in DSCC within 100 meters distance from academic institutions.
In Dhaka South City Corporation, there are 39 e-cigarette shops within 100 meters of academic institutions.
Fig 9.
Proximity of POS within 100 meters of hospital in DCC.
The e-cigarette shops located within the 100-meter buffer zone of hospitals are visually represented on the map. This visualization allows for a comprehensive understanding of the spatial relationship between e-cigarette shops and healthcare facilities. Finally, the maps generated from the spatial analysis are carefully interpreted and analyzed to identify the patterns of e-cigarette shop distribution and their proximity to hospitals. This analysis has significant implications for understanding potential health risks associated with e-cigarette usage in close proximity to healthcare facilities.