Fig 1.
A hypothesized partial mediation model of the effect of sleep problems on chronic conditions via HRQoL and functional limitations as potential mediating variables.
Paths a1, a2, b1, b2, c, and c′, denote path coefficients. Hypothesis 1: Sleep problems positively affect chronic conditions (total effect, c). Hypothesis 2: There is a significant specific indirect effect of Sleep problems on chronic conditions via HRQoL (indirect effect, a1b1). Hypothesis 3: Sleep problems have a significant, specific indirect effect on chronic conditions via functional limitations (indirect effect a2b2). Hypothesis 4: Sleep problems have a significant cascading or serial mediation effect on chronic conditions via functional limitations and HRQoL (serial indirect effect a1d21b2).
Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 627).
Table 2.
Means, standard deviations, and zero-order Pearson’s correlations between principal study variables.
Fig 2.
A partial mediation model of the association between sleep problems and chronic conditions through HRQoL and functional limitations among single parents.
Path unstandardized coefficients are reported. Each model was adjusted for sex, physical activity, smoking status, residential type, alcohol intake, depression, NHIS status, income, religion, and education status. **p < .005, ***p < .001.
Table 3.
The indirect effects of sleep problems on chronic conditions through functional limitations and HRQoL as specific and chain mediators.