Fig 1.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov.
Photographs of the specimens in laterodorsal view. (A) MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype. (B) MHNG GEPI V5788.
Fig 2.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., transversal sections of synchrotron microCT scans.
(A) MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, section through the skull at the level of the intracranial joint. (B) MHNG GEPI V5788, section through the skull at the level of the intracranial joint. (C) MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, section posterior to the skull showing details of the ossified lung. (D) MHNG GEPI V5788, section posterior to the skull showing details of the ossified lung. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 3.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, surface-rendered 3D models of the entire skeleton, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
Several elements from the right side of the skull and from the axial skeleton have not been segmented and are not shown. (A) dorsal views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. (B) ventral views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. Color legend–Blue: cheek; Golden: hyoid arch; Green: scales and fin rays; Grey: lung; Light Blue: lower jaw; Light Green: operculogular series; Maroon: skull roof; Orange: vertebral column, caudal fin and basal plates of median fins; Pink: neurocranium; Purple: palate; Turquoise: pectoral girdle; Yellow: branchial arches. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 4.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, surface-rendered 3D models of the entire skeleton, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
Several elements from the right side of the skull and from the axial skeleton have not been segmented and are not shown. (A) left lateral views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. (B) right lateral views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. Color legend as in Fig 3. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 5.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, surface-rendered 3D models of the skull and pectoral girdle, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. Several elements from the right side of the skull have not been segmented and are not shown. The lateral rostral has been flipped from the right to the left side. (A) dorsal views of texturized (left) and colourized (right) skull. (B) ventral views of texturized (left) and colourized (right) skull. (C) left lateral views of texturized (left) and colourized (right) skull. (D) right lateral views of texturized (left) and colourized (right) skull. Color legend as in Fig 3. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 6.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, surface-rendered 3D models of the skull, pectoral girdle and isolated braincase, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. Several elements from the right side of the skull have not been segmented and are not shown. The lateral rostral has been flipped from the right to the left side. (A) anterior views of texturized (left) and colourized (right) skull. (B) posterior views of texturized (left) and colourized (right) skull. (C) left lateral views of texturized (left) and colorized (right) braincase. (D) left lateral views of texturized (left) and colorized (right) braincase disarticulated at the level of the intracranial joint. (E) anterior views of texturized (left) and colorized (right) ethmosphenoid portion of the braincase. (F) posterior views of texturized (left) and colorized (right) ethmosphenoid portion of the braincase. (G) anterior views of texturized (left) and colorized (right) otoccipital portion of the braincase. (H) posterior views of texturized (left) and colorized (right) otoccipital portion of the braincase. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 7.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the skull roof, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. The lateral rostral has been flipped from the right to the left side. (A) dorsal view of the skull roof. (B) dorsal view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (C) ventral view of the skull roof. (D) ventral view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) left lateral view of the skull roof. (F) left lateral view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (G) right lateral view of the skull roof. (H) right lateral view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (I) anterior view of the skull roof. (J) anterior view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (K) posterior view of the skull roof. (L) posterior view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 8.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the neurocranium, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. (A) dorsal view of the neurocranium. (B) dorsal view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (C) ventral view of the neurocranium. (D) ventral view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) left lateral view of the neurocranium. (F) left lateral view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (G) right lateral view of the neurocranium. (H) right lateral view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (I) anterior view of the neurocranium. (J) anterior view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (K) posterior view of the neurocranium. (L) posterior view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 9.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the lower jaw, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The first coronoids and dentary tooth plates are missing. The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. (A) lateroventral view of the lower jaw. (B) mediodorsal view of the lower jaw. (C) lateroventral view of the lower jaw with skeletal elements spaced apart. (D) mediodorsal view of the lower jaw with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) medioventral view of the lower jaw. (F) laterodorsal view of the lower jaw. (F1) laterodorsal view of isolated dentary showing the hook process. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 10.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the cheek bones, operculars and gular plates, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The subopercular is missing here but it has been identified in MHNG GEPI V5788. The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. (A) lateral view of cheek bones and opercular. (B) medial view of cheek bones and opercular. (B1) anterior view of isolated postorbital. (C) dorsal view of gular plate. (D) ventral view of gular plate. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 11.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the palate, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. (A) lateral view of palate. (B) medial view of palate. (C) lateral view of palate with skeletal elements spaced apart. (D) medial view of palate with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) dorsal view of palate. (F) ventral view of palate. (G) anterior view of palate. (H) posterior view of palate. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 12.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the hyobranchial skeleton, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the skull of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. The gill and hyoid arches from the right side are not shown. (A) dorsal view of hyobranchial skeleton. (B) ventral view of hyobranchial skeleton. (C) dorsal view of hyobranchial skeleton with skeletal elements spaced apart. (D) ventral view of hyobranchial skeleton with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) lateral view of hyobranchial skeleton. (F) medial view of hyobranchial skeleton. (G) lateral view of urohyal. (H) lateroventral view of ceratohyal. (I) lateroventral view of first ceratobranchial. (J) posterior view of basibranchial. (K) anterior view of basibranchial. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 13.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the pectoral girdle, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the pectoral girdle of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. (A) lateral view of pectoral girdle. (B) lateral view of pectoral girdle with skeletal elements spaced apart. (C) anterior view of pectoral girdle. (D) medial view of pectoral girdle. (E) medial view of pectoral girdle with skeletal elements spaced apart. (F) posterior view of pectoral girdle. (G) dorsal view of pectoral girdle. (H) ventral view of pectoral girdle. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 14.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the lung, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The first lobe of the lung shows two dorsal crests colorized in red in A-D and with a bony texture in E-J. (A) dorsal view of the three lobes of the lung. (B) ventral view of the three lobes of the lung. (C) left lateral view of the three lobes of the lung. (D) right lateral view of the three lobes of the lung. (E) dorsal view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (F) ventral view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (G) left lateral view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (H) right lateral view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (I) anterior view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (J) posterior view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 15.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the postcranial axial skeleton and tail, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) left lateral view of postcranial axial skeleton and tail. (B) right lateral view of postcranial axial skeleton and tail. (C) dorsal view of the first three vertebrae. (D) left lateral view of first three vertebrae. (E) anterior view of first three vertebrae. (F) ventral view of first three vertebrae. (G) right lateral view of first three vertebrae. (H) posterior view of first three vertebrae. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 16.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of skeletal elements of the fins, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements have been repositioned in the 3D space using a 3D model of the pectoral girdle of Latimeria chalumnae as a reference. (A) left lateral view of first dorsal fin. (B) right lateral view of first dorsal fin. (C) dorsal view of first dorsal fin. (D) ventral view of first dorsal fin. (E) lateral view of left pectoral fin. (F) medial view of left pectoral fin. (G) dorsal view of left pectoral fin. (H) ventral view of left pectoral fin. (I) left lateral view of second dorsal fin. (J) right lateral view of second dorsal fin. (K) dorsal view of second dorsal fin. (L) ventral view of second dorsal fin. (M) dorsal view of pelvic fin. (N) ventral view of pelvic fin. (O) lateral view of pelvic fin. (P) medial view of pelvic fin. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 17.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5787, holotype, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of selected scales, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) lateral view of scale from the dorsal region next to the anocleithrum. (B) medial view of scale from the dorsal region found next to the anocleithrum. (C) lateral view of fragment of scale from the thoracical region close to the third lobe of the lung. (D) medial view of fragment of scale from the thoracical region close to the third lobe of the lung. (E) lateral view of damaged lateral line scale found close to the third lobe of the lung. (F) medial view of damaged lateral line scale found close to the third lobe of the lung. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 18.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, surface-rendered 3D models of the entire skeleton, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
Several elements of the skull and the axial skeleton have not been segmented and are not shown. (A) dorsal views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. (B) ventral views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. In the texturized renders, parts of the lung are shaded as grey metal or white plastic to represent different densities. Color legend–Blue: cheek; Golden: hyoid arch; Green: scales and fin rays; Grey: lung; Light Blue: lower jaw; Light Green: operculogular series; Maroon: skull roof; Orange: vertebral column, caudal fin and basal plates of median fins; Pink: neurocranium; Purple: palate; Turquoise: pectoral girdle; Yellow: branchial arches. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 19.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, surface-rendered 3D models of the entire skeleton, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
Several elements of the skull and the axial skeleton have not been segmented and are not shown. (A) left lateral views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. (B) right lateral views of texturized (above) and colorized (below) skeleton. In the texturized renders, parts of the lung are shaded as grey metal or white plastic to represent different densities. Color legend as in Fig 18. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 20.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the skull roof, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The skeletal elements in A,C,E,G,I,K are shown in natural position as they were retrieved in the fossil specimen. (A) dorsal view of the skull roof. (B) dorsal view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (C) ventral view of the skull roof. (D) ventral view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) left lateral view of the skull roof. (F) left lateral view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (G) right lateral view of the skull roof. (H) right lateral view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (I) anterior view of the skull roof. (J) anterior view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. (K) posterior view of the skull roof. (L) posterior view of the skull roof with skeletal elements spaced apart. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 21.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of ossified elements of the neurocranium, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) dorsal view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (B) ventral view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (C) left lateral view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (D) right lateral view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) posterior view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (F) anterior view of the neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 22.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of selected elements from the cheek, lower jaw, palate and branchial skeleton, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) lateral view of cheek. (B) medial view of cheek. (C) lateroventral view of lower jaw with skeletal elements spaced apart. (D) mediodorsal view of lower jaw with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) laterodorsal view of palatoquadrate with skeletal elements spaced apart. (F) mediodorsal view of palatoquadrate with skeletal elements spaced apart. (G) dorsal view of epibranchials, spaced apart. (H) ventral view of epibranchials, spaced apart. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 23.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the pectoral girdle, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) lateral view of pectoral girdle, right half, with skeletal elements spaced apart. (B) medial view of pectoral girdle, right half, with skeletal elements spaced apart. (C) medial view of pectoral girdle, left half, with skeletal elements spaced apart. (D) lateral view of pectoral girdle, left half, with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) dorsal view of clavicle and interclavicle from the right half. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 24.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the lung, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
The first lobe of the lung shows two dorsal crests colorized in red in A-D and with a bony texture in E-J. The synchrotron scan of the second lobe showed a very dense intrusion that has been rendered with a metallic shading and a very light intrusion that has been rendered in white opaque. (A) dorsal view of the three lobes of the lung. (B) ventral view of the three lobes of the lung. (C) left lateral view of the three lobes of the lung. (D) right lateral view of the three lobes of the lung. (E) dorsal view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (F) ventral view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (G) left lateral view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (H) right lateral view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (I) anterior view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. (J) posterior view of dorsal crests of the first lobe. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 25.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the postcranial axial skeleton and tail, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) left lateral view of postcranial axial skeleton and tail. (B) right lateral view of postcranial axial skeleton and tail. (C) left lateral view of isolated lepidotrichia of the tail; (D) right lateral view of isolated lepidotrichia of the tail; (E) dorsal view of vertebrae from 1 to 18. (F) left lateral view of vertebrae from 1 to 18. (G) ventral view of vertebrae from 1 to 18. (H) anterior view of vertebrae from 1 to 18. (I) posterior view of vertebrae from 1 to 18. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 26.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the unpaired fins, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) left lateral view of first dorsal fin. (B) right lateral view of first dorsal fin. (C) dorsal view of first dorsal fin. (D) ventral view of first dorsal fin. (E) lateral view of second dorsal fin. (F) medial view of second dorsal fin. (G) dorsal view of second dorsal fin. (H) ventral view of second dorsal fin. (I) left lateral view of anal fin. (J) right lateral view of anal fin. (K) dorsal view of anal fin. (L) ventral view of anal fin. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 27.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of the paired fins, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
(A) lateral view of right pectoral fin. (B) medial view of right pectoral fin. (C) dorsal view of right pectoral fin. (D) ventral view of right pectoral fin. (E) medial view of right pelvic fin. (F) lateral view of right pelvic fin. (G) dorsal view of right pelvic fin. (H) ventral view of right pelvic fin. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 28.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., MHNG GEPI V5788, texturized surface-rendered 3D models of selected scales, obtained from synchrotron microCT.
All scales come from the left side of the specimen. Each scale is shown in lateral, medial and frontal view, from left to right. (A) scale from the dorsal region next to the basal plate of the first dorsal fin. (B) scale from the flank region at the level of the basal plate of the first dorsal fin. (C,D) lateral line scales found at the level of the pelvic bones. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 29.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., interpretative body reconstructions and detailed skull drawings in lateral view.
(A) body profile. (B) lateral view of skull and pectoral girdle. (C) lateral view of skull and pectoral girdle with neurocranium highlighted. (D) lateral view of skull and pectoral girdle with palate and hyobranchial skeleton highlighted. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 30.
Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov., detailed skull drawings in dorsal and ventral view.
(A) dorsal view of skull roof. (B) dorsal view of neurocranium. (C) ventral view of skull and pectoral girdle with neurocranium highlighted. (D) ventral view of skull and pectoral girdle with the left half of the pectoral girdle and the left gular plate moved to the background. A high-resolution version (1200 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 31.
Phylogenies of Actinistia including Graulia branchiodonta gen. et sp. nov.
(A) strict consensus tree of 33165 equally parsimonious trees (length = 323; consistency index = 0.38; retention index = 0.68) obtained from the first phylogenetic analysis. (B) strict consensus tree of 1890 equally parsimonious trees (length = 311; consistency index = 0.39; retention index = 0.69) obtained from the second phylogenetic analysis performed without the taxon Diplurus. (C) strict consensus tree of 75 equally parsimonious trees (length = 307; consistency index = 0.40; retention index = 0.68) obtained from the third phylogenetic analysis performed without the taxa Diplurus, Garnbergia, Heptanema, Indocoealacanthus, Reidus. Integers indicate the Bremer decay indices. Bootstrap values are indicated after the Bremer decay indices if greater than 50%.
Fig 32.
L. chalumnae, MHNG 1080.070, male, 116 cm TL. Volume-rendered 3D models of the head, up to the posterior end of the pectoral girdle, obtained from microCT.
The density gradient is colorized from brown to white in ascending order. (A) dorsal view of entire head (left) and isolated skeleton (right). (B) lateral view of entire head (left) and isolated skeleton (right). (C) ventral view of entire head (left) and isolated skeleton (right). (D) anterior view of entire head (left) and isolated skeleton (right). (E) posterior view of cranial skeleton and pectoral girdle. A high-resolution version (600 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 33.
L. chalumnae, MHNG 1080.070, male, 116 cm TL. Volume-rendered 3D models of the braincase, obtained from microCT.
The density gradient is colorized from brown to white in ascending order. The red casts of the lateral line cavities are shown in transparency, with the pores labelled green. (A) lateral view of the articulated braincase. (B) lateral view of the braincase with ethmosphenoid and otoccipital portions spaced apart. (C) lateral view of the braincase with the skull roof detached from the neurocranium. (D) lateral view of the braincase with ethmosphenoid and otoccipital portions spaced apart and the skull roof detached from the neurocranium. (E) dorsal view of the skull roof. (F) dorsal view of the skull roof with the parietonasal and postparietal shields spaced apart. (G) ventral view of the skull roof. (H) ventral view of the skull roof with the parietonasal and postparietal shields spaced apart. (I) posterior view of the ethmosphenoid portion of the braincase. (J) anterior view of the otoccipital portion of the braincase. (K) posterior view of the postparietal shield. (L) anterior view of the postparietal shield. A high-resolution version (600 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 34.
L. chalumnae, MHNG 1080.070, male, 116 cm TL. Volume-rendered 3D models of the neurocranium and parasphenoid, obtained from microCT.
The density gradient is colorized from brown to white in ascending order. (A) dorsal view of neurocranium. (B) dorsal view of neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (C) lateral view of neurocranium. (D) lateral view of neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (E) ventral view of neurocranium. (F) ventral view of neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (G) anterior view of neurocranium. (H) anterior view of neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. (I) posterior view of neurocranium. (J) posterior view of neurocranium with skeletal elements spaced apart. A high-resolution version (600 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 35.
L. chalumnae, MHNG 1080.070, male, 116 cm TL. Volume-rendered 3D models of the lower jaw, cheek bones and gular plates, obtained from microCT.
The density gradient is colorized from brown to white in ascending order. The red casts of the lateral line cavities are shown in transparency, with the pores labelled green. (A) dorsal view of lower jaw. (B) ventral view of lower jaw. (C) dorsolateral view of lower jaw, left half. (D) lateral view of lower jaw, left half. (E) medial view of lower jaw, left half, flipped horizontally. (F) lateroventral view of lower jaw with casts of the sensory canals. (G) ventral view of gular plates. (H) lateral view of gular plates. (I) dorsal view of gular plates. (J) lateral view of cheek bones. (K) lateral view of check bones with casts of the sensory canals. (L) medial view of cheek bones, flipped horizontally. A high-resolution version (600 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 36.
L. chalumnae, MHNG 1080.070, male, 116 cm TL. Volume-rendered 3D models of the palate, obtained from microCT.
The density gradient is colorized from brown to white in ascending order. (A) dorsal view of palate. (B) ventral view of palate. (C) lateral view of palate, left half. (D) anterior view of palate. (E) posterior view of palate. (F) medial view of palate, left half, flipped horizontally. A high-resolution version (600 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 37.
L. chalumnae, MHNG 1080.070, male, 116 cm TL. Volume-rendered 3D models of the hyobranchial skeleton, obtained from microCT.
The density gradient is colorized from brown to white in ascending order. (A) dorsal view of gill arches, basibranchial and urohyal. (B) ventral view of gill arches, basibranchial and urohyal. (C) lateral view of gill arches, basibranchial and urohyal. (D) posterior view of gill arches, basibranchial and urohyal. (E) dorsal view of hyoid arch. (F) ventral view of hyoid arch. (G) lateroventral view of left hyoid arch. (H) dorsomedial view of left hyoid arch, flipped horizontally. (I) from top to bottom, urohyal in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. (J) ventral view of basibranchial. (K) lateral view of upper gill arches. (L) medial view of upper gill arches. A high-resolution version (600 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).
Fig 38.
L. chalumnae, MHNG 1080.070, male, 116 cm TL. Volume-rendered 3D models of the pectoral girdle, obtained from microCT.
The density gradient is colorized from brown to white in ascending order. (A) dorsal view. (B) medial view (left half only). (C) anterior view. (D) ventral view. (E) lateral view (left half only). (F) posterior view. A high-resolution version (600 dpi) of this figure can be downloaded from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26166943).