Fig 1.
Schematic of cascade hydropower stations in Chay river.
Fig 2.
The configuration and components of Chay 5 spillway (dimension in meters).
Fig 3.
Chay 5 spillway releases water with sediment.
Fig 4.
Computational domain of Chay 5 spillway.
Table 1.
Operation cases of Chay 5 spillway in numerical simulation.
Fig 5.
Cavitation formation and damage mechanism for a spillway surface.
a) Bubbles broken due to drop of pressure [11]. b) Bubbles broken due to collide with sediment particles.
Fig 6.
Flowchart for cavitation risk analysis of aging spillway.
Table 2.
Mesh convergence analysis.
Table 3.
Comparison numerical and theoretical discharge.
Fig 7.
Velocity distributions along Chay 5 spillway surface.
a) IDF case; b) EF case.
Fig 8.
Velocity distributions along Chay 5 spillway surface.
a) Opening height of 50 cm. b) Opening height of 100 cm.
Fig 9.
Location of studied sections.
Table 4.
Parameters of roughness and asperities at damage areas.
Fig 10.
Hydraulic characteristics at three zones.
a) Pressure head profiles. b) Depth-averaged velocity profiles.
Fig 11.
Hydraulic characteristics at three zones (continued).
a) Froude number profiles. b) Boundary velocity profiles.
Fig 12.
a) extreme floods; b) operations of controlled gate.
Fig 13.
a) extreme floods; b) operations of controlled gate.
Table 5.
Mix proportion of M30 and M50.
Table 6.
Mechanical properties of M30 and M50.
Fig 14.
Sketch rehabilitation at zones III.
Fig 15.
Sketch rehabilitation at the rest of spillway.