Fig 1.
Geological map of the Bahariya Oasis showing approximate fossil sites of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
(Modified from [23]).
Fig 2.
The holotype of Tameryraptor markgrafi (SNSB-BSPG 1922 X46).
Photograph of the mounted specimen at a point prior to April 1944.
Fig 3.
The left maxilla of Tameryraptor markgrafi (SNSB-BSPG 1922 X46).
Photograph in medial view, taken at a point prior to April 1944.
Table 1.
Overview of differences between the split and merged datasets.
Fig 4.
Skeletal reconstruction of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
Preserved elements shown in white. Each square is 1m2.
Fig 5.
Nasalia and maxilla of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
(A–D) Nasalia and (E–H) left Maxilla of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46 in (A) dorsal, (B, D–F, H) lateral, (C) ventral and (G) medial view. Dotted areas represent areas restored with gypsum; Abbreviations: al alveolus, aor antorbital fossa ridge, en external nares, fo foramina, j jugal contact, m maxillary contact, ms medial symphysis, mpln maxillary process of left nasal, mprn maxillaryprocess of right nasal, nh nasal horn, nmp naso-maxillary process, pmf premaxillary fenestra, r rugosity; Sources (A, C, E, G) modified after Stromer [1], (B, F) UAT 678/20/SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46, (D, H) modified from Stromer [25].
Fig 6.
Braincase and endocast of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
Elements in (A, E) right lateral, (C) left lateral, (B) posterior and (D, F) dorsal views; Abbreviations: cer cerebrum, fm foramen magnum, frmp frontal right median process, mcv mid cerebral vein, lpfa lacrimal/prefrontal articulation, nc nuchal crest, olfb olfactory bulb; pmcv posterior exit of middle cerebral vein, po, postorbital articulation, pop paroccipital process, soc supraoccipital, stf supratemporal fossa, vf vaulted frontal; Sources: (A, B–D) modified after [1], (C) UAT 678/20/SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46, (E, F) MB. R. 2056.
Fig 7.
Cranial endocasts of several carcharodontosaurids.
Elements in (A–E) dorsal and (a—d) lateral view: (A, a) SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46, (B, b) Carcharodontosaurus saharicus, (C, c) Giganotosaurus carolinii, (D, d) Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis (E); Abbreviations: cer cerebrum, fm foramen magnum, mcv mid cerebral vein, olf.b olfactory bulb; Arrows pointing to flexures between forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain; Sources: (A, a) MB.R. 2056, Black area represents pedestal of cast, (b) modified from [18], (B, C, c, D, d) modified from [54], (E) modified from [8].
Fig 8.
Comparison of Egyptian and Moroccan carcharodontosaurid teeth.
(A) SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46 maxillary replacement tooth in lingual view, (B) Crossection of A at point indicated with arrow; (C) SGM-Din1 maxillary tooth in labial view, (D) SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46 isolated tooth in labial view; (F) FSAC-KK 914 in labial view; Abbreviations: dca distal carina, mca mesial carina; Sources: (A, B, D) [1]; (C, E) [18].
Fig 9.
Axial material of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
Axis in (A) anterior and (B) right lateral view, (C) 4th cervical in lateral view, (D, F) anterior caudal vertebra in right lateral and (G, H) left lateral view, Chevron “B” in (I) lateral, (J) anterior and (K) proximal view. Abbreviations: ep epipophysis, fo foramen, gr groove, nc neural canal, ns neural spine, poz postzygapophysis, od odontoid, pp parapophysis, prz prezygapophysis, s support strut of the mount, sprf spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; Sources: (A, C–E, I—K) [1], (F, G) Stromer [25]; (H) UAT 678/20/SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
Fig 10.
Pelvic material of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
(A, B) Right pubis in lateral view, (C, D) crosssections of pubis at areas indicated with arrows, (E, F) right ischium in lateral view; Abbreviations: f area covered by femur in mounted specimen, gr groove, ip ischial peduncle, is ischial shaft, n notch, op obturator process, pp pubic peduncle; Sources: (A, C–E) modified from [1] (B, F) UAT 678/20/SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
Fig 11.
Ischia of carchaodontosaurids in lateral view.
(A) SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 47, (B) Meraxes, (C) Tyrannotitan, (D) Mapusaurus, (E) Siats, (F) Acrocanthosaurus, (G) Giganotosaurus, (H) Lusovenator; (dashed blue lines) reconstruction; (dotted lines) damaged surface of bone; Not to scale; Sources: (A) [1], (B) [11], (C) mirrored from [50], (D) [12], (E) mirrored from [70], (F) mirrored from [2], (G) MUCPv-Ch1, (H) mirrored from [71].
Fig 12.
Hind limb elements of SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 47.
Right femur in (A) anterior, (B) lateral and (E) distal view, right fibular in (C) anterior, (D) lateral, (F) proximal, (H) distal view and (G) crossection of fibular shaft at area indicated with arrows; Abbreviations: act accessory trochanter, ae anterior expansion, ap articular surface of ascending process of astragalus, efh dorsal expansion of femoral head, eg extensor groove, ft fourth trochanter, itf insertion of tibiofibularis muscle, lc lateral condyle, lt lesser trochanter, mdc mediodistal crest, tfc tibiofibularis crest; Sources: (A, C, E, F–H) [1], (B, D) UAT 678/20/SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46.
Fig 13.
Time calibrated reduced strict consensus tree.
Analyses done with K = 12 values.
Table 2.
Results of the different analyses.
For an explanation of the different constraint types see Materials and Methods.
Table 3.
Position of carcharodontosaurid taxa within Carcharodontosauria in individual runs: Note that Carcharodontosauria is recovered in 5/8 runs and “split” and “merged” taxa are only counted for the respective runs, so have a maximum of 4 occurrences.
Fig 14.
Comparison between SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46 and SGM-Din 1.
SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46: (B) nasalia from left lateral, left maxilla from (D) lateral and (F) medial and endocast in (G) dorsal and (H) left lateral view; (A, C, E, I, J) and SGM-Din1: (A) right nasal in lateral view, right maxilla in (C) lateral and (E) medial view and endocast in (I) dorsal and (J) left lateral view; Sources: (A, C, E, J) [18], (I) modified from [54], (B, D) UAT 678/20/SNSB-BSPG 1922 X 46, (F) [1], (G, H) MB. R. 2056.
Fig 15.
Braincase of Shaochilong maortuensis (IVPP V 2885) in right lateral view.
Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; cr, cochlear recess; mcv, foramen for the mid-cerebral vein; pr, pneumatic recesses of the dorsal tympanic recess; ptr, posterior tympanic recess. Roman numerals indicate the exits for the trigeminal (V) and facialis (VII) nerve. Scale bar is 2 cm.
Fig 16.
Life reconstruction of Tameryraptor markgrafi.
By Joschua Knüppe.