Fig 1.
(A) Overview of MR analyses. (B) Major assumptions of MR.
Table 1.
Basic characteristics of studies.
Fig 2.
(A) Forest Plot of Cross-sectional Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Depression Prevalence. (B) Leave-One-Out Analysis Forest Plot for Cross-sectional Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Depression Prevalence.
Fig 3.
(A) Forest Plot of Case-Control Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Depression Prevalence. (B) Leave-One-Out Analysis Forest Plot for Case-Control Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Depression Prevalence.
Fig 4.
(A) Forest Plot of Cross-sectional Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma on Anxiety Prevalence. (B) Leave-One-Out Analysis Forest Plot for Cross-sectional Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Anxiety Prevalence.
Fig 5.
(A) Forest Plot of Case-Control Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma on Anxiety Prevalence. (B) Leave-One-Out Analysis Forest Plot for Case-Control Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Anxiety Prevalence.
Fig 6.
(A) Funnel Plot of Cross-sectional Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Depression Prevalence. (B) Funnel Plot of Case-Control Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Depression Prevalence. (C) Funnel Plot of Cross-sectional Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Anxiety Prevalence. (D) Funnel Plot of Case-Control Studies on the Association Between Glaucoma and Anxiety Prevalence.
Fig 7.
(A) Scatter plot of Glaucoma-related SNPs’ causal effects on Depression. (B) Scatter plot of Glaucoma-related SNPs’ causal effects on Anxiety. (C) Leave-One-Out analysis Forest plot of Glaucoma-related SNPs’ causal effects on Depression. (D) Leave-One-Out analysis Forest Plot of Glaucoma-related SNPs’ causal effects on Anxiety. Light blue line: IVW method estimate. Dark blue line: MR-Egger regression estimate. Grass green line: Weighted Median estimate. Circles represent genetic associations; error bars indicate 95% CIs. Black dots and lines show individual SNP causal effects and CIs. Red dots and lines at bottom indicate overall effects and CIs. X-axis in log scale.
Table 2.
MR Estimates for glaucoma’s effects on depression and anxiety.
Table 3.
MR sensitivity analysis for glaucoma’s impact on depression and anxiety.