Fig 1.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study sample.
PHEA, prehospital emergency anesthesia; EMS, emergency medical service.
Fig 2.
Factors included the guideline and factors investigated in this study.
ECG, electrocardiogram; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; PVA, peripheral venous access; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation.
Table 1.
Patient characteristics, level of training of EMS physicians, and diagnoses.
Fig 3.
NACA, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics; * represents significant difference (p < 0.01); ** represents significant difference (p < 0.001).
Fig 4.
ECG, electrocardiogram.
Fig 5.
Adverse events in SBP, heart rate, and SpO2.
SBP, systolic blood pressure; BSBP, beginning systolic blood pressure; LoSBP, lowest systolic blood pressure after intubation; LSBP, last measured systolic blood pressure; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; * represents significant difference (p < 0.001).
Fig 6.
Medications and their use for specific diagnose groups.
Fig 7.
SBPs and heart rate associated with each medication.
BSBP, beginning systolic blood pressure; CI, Confidence interval; LoSBP, lowest systolic blood pressure after intubation; LSBP, last measured systolic blood pressure; * represents significant difference.