Fig 1.
Smart grid system with circuit breakers distributed on the system.
Table 1.
Load data or power demand.
Fig 2.
Smart protection system with the proposed adaptive electronic relay.
Fig 3.
Proposed adaptive electronic relay.
Fig 4.
Proposed adaptive electronic relay flowchart.
Fig 5.
Three-phase voltage with a single line to ground fault without the protection system.
Fig 6.
Per unit current of the faulty phase with a single line to ground fault without the protection system.
Fig 7.
Per unit current of the faulty phase with a single line to ground fault with the protection system.
Fig 8.
Measured the operating time of conventional and adaptive protection during the phase to earth fault.
Fig 9.
Three-phase voltage without the protection system.
Fig 10.
Per unit current of the faulty phase without the protection system.
Fig 11.
Per unit current of the faulty phase with the protection system.
Fig 12.
Three-phase voltage of the primary winding transformer without the protection system.
Fig 13.
Per unit current of the faulty phase of the primary winding transformer without the protection system.
Fig 14.
Per unit current of the faulty phase of the primary winding transformer with the protection system.
Table 2.
Comparative study between proposed system and systems in the literature.