Fig 1.
The anti-slide pile model test system: (a) front view; (b) side view.
Fig 2.
Transparency and speckle effects of the transparent soil in the model test: (a) transparency effect (top view); (b) speckle effect (top view); (c) transparency effect (side view); (d) speckle effect (side view).
Fig 3.
JG MAKER Aurora A8S 3D printer.
Fig 4.
Double-row anti-slide pile model printed by 3D printer: (a) red; (b) yellow.
Fig 5.
The model box.
Fig 6.
Loading system.
Fig 7.
Ultra-thin hydraulic jack.
Fig 8.
Interface of MicroVec software.
Fig 9.
DRP18-12 damping isolation platform.
Fig 10.
UTM-130 testing system.
Fig 11.
Triangular and square infill patterns for 3D printed anti-slide piles: (a) triangular; (b) square.
Fig 12.
3D printed anti-slide piles (a) and experimental fixture (b).
Fig 13.
Photograph of 3D printed single-pile in three-point bending tests: (a) initial deformation: (b) final deformation.
Fig 14.
Relationship between axial force and displacement: (a) square infill pattern (S1 File); (b) triangular infill pattern.
Fig 15.
Deformation stages of 3D printed anti-slide pile.
Fig 16.
Relationship between bending strength, infill pattern and infill density.
Fig 17.
The flowchart of model test.
Fig 18.
Single-row anti-slide pile model test.
Fig 19.
Double-row anti-slide pile model test.
Fig 20.
Speckle image from top using a vertical laser.
Fig 21.
Speckle image from top using a horizontal laser.
Fig 22.
Speckle image from side using a horizontal laser.
Fig 23.
Speckle image from side using a vertical laser.
Fig 24.
Thrust pressure data of model test: (a) single-row apile; (b) double-row pile.
Fig 25.
Displacement rate nephogram of soil in deep (single row anti-slide pile).
(The 20 figures are arrange according to the test time).
Fig 26.
Displacement rate nephogram of soil at the surface (single row anti-slide pile).
(The 10 figures are arrange according to the test time).
Fig 27.
The extrusion of soil between single-row anti-slide piles.
(The 3 figures are arrange according to the test time).
Fig 28.
Displacement rate nephogram of soil at the surface (double row anti-slide pile).
(The 10 figures are arrange according to the test time).
Fig 29.
The extrusion of soil between double-row anti-slide pile.
(The 7 figures are arrange according to the test time).
Fig 30.
Test images from top view of anti-slide pile by camera: (a) single row anti-slide pile; (b) double row anti-slide pile.
Fig 31.
Test images from side view of anti-slide pile by camera (a) single row anti-slide pile: (b) double row anti-slide pile.
Fig 32.
The area of “displacement triangle” of the soil behind the single row anti-slide pile.
Fig 33.
The area of “displacement triangle” of the soil behind the double row anti-slide pile.
Fig 34.
The direction of stress behind the pile.
Fig 35.
The displacement of pile before and after the test: (a) single row anti-slide pile; (b) double row anti-slide pile.
Fig 36.
The schematic diagrams of the extrusion of soil between single row piles.
Fig 37.
The schematic diagrams of the extrusion of soil between double row piles.