Fig 1.
Experimental set-up of the GTTs.
(A) Experimental set-up of the digital carousel task, (B) experimental set-up of the analog carousel task, (C) experimental phase 1 of the carousel task, (D) experimental phase 2 of the carousel task, (E) experimental phase 3 of the carousel task, (F) experimental phase 1 of the propeller task, (G) experimental phase 2 of the propeller task, (H) experimental phase 3 of the propeller task. GTT = Gear turning task.
Table 1.
Means and standard deviations of the GTTs (carousel, propeller) and the validation tasks (reasoning, language and problem-solving) and correlations between these measures.
Fig 2.
Model describing the relationships of analog and digital GTT performances and related measures (language, reasoning and stabilization problem-solving).
The squares represent manifest variables and the circles represent latent variables. Single-headed arrows from manifest variables to latent variables indicate regression paths, single-headed arrows from latent variables to manifest variables indicate factor loadings, double-headed arrows indicate correlations. The model was estimated with weighted least square mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) for ordinal data. GTT = Gear turning task; *p < .05, **p < .01.
Table 2.
Model parameters of measurement invariance tests.
Table 3.
Comparison of regression paths between task modalities (analog, digital).