Table 1.
Studies on white matter changes due to short-term reading intervention programs.
Fig 1.
Graphical representation of the randomized controlled trial.
Table 2.
Overview of the characteristics of the Letter and Language groups before training. Average scores are reported followed by standard deviations within parentheses. Raw scores are reported.
Table 3.
Description of the daily activities performed in the Letter and Language Training programs.
Table 4.
Summary of behavioral LME results relative to the Training Type x Time interaction.
Fig 2.
Training-related behavioral changes.
First two columns: behavioral changes in alphabet knowledge from the Letter and Language Training groups for each experimental session. The third column shows the distribution of alphabet knowledge changes (i.e., difference between the individual scores obtained in the post and pre-training sessions) for each group.
Fig 3.
The two columns show the profile and subject reliability estimates of each white matter tract examined in the study. The two rows show reliability estimates for FA and MD, respectively. ARC: Arcuate Fasciculus; ATR: Anterior Thalamic Radiation; CGC: Cingulum Cingulate; CST: Corticospinal Tract; FA: Anterior Forceps; FP: Posterior Forceps; IFO: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; ILF: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; SLF: Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus; UNC: Uncinate.
Fig 4.
Training-related dMRI changes of the left arcuate.
First two columns: structural changes of the left arcuate are shown for the Letter and Language Training groups and each experimental session. The third column shows the distribution of FA and MD changes (i.e., difference between the individual profiles observed in the post and pre-training sessions) for each group.
Fig 5.
FA tract profile for each experimental group and training session.
The plots show FA values estimated based on the beta coefficients extracted from node-by-node LME models. Shaded areas represent + /- 2 SE. ARC: Arcuate Fasciculus; ATR: Anterior Thalamic Radiation; CGC: Cingulum Cingulate; CST: Corticospinal Tract; FA: Anterior Forceps; FP: Posterior Forceps; IFO: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; ILF: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; SLF: Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus; UNC: Uncinate.
Fig 6.
MD tract profile for each experimental group and training session.
The plots show MD values estimated based on the beta coefficients extracted from node-by-node LME models. Shaded areas represent + /- 2 SE. ARC: Arcuate Fasciculus; ATR: Anterior Thalamic Radiation; CGC: Cingulum Cingulate; CST: Corticospinal Tract; FA: Anterior Forceps; FP: Posterior Forceps; IFO: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; ILF: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; SLF: Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus; UNC: Uncinate.
Fig 7.
Bayes factors relative to the group comparison of the dMRI training effect for each tract.
ARC: Arcuate Fasciculus; ATR: Anterior Thalamic Radiation; CGC: Cingulum Cingulate; CST: Corticospinal Tract; FA: Anterior Forceps; FP: Posterior Forceps; IFO: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; ILF: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; SLF: Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus; UNC: Uncinate.
Table 5.
Pearson correlations between post-pre differences in reading performance and structural properties.