Fig 1.
Taxonomy of basic ship behavior patterns.
Fig 2.
Workflow of vessel movement detection and classification.
Fig 3.
Seven typical movement patterns of vessel.
(a) Straight-sailing. (b) Turning. (c) Navigating. (d) Loitering (disordered). (e) Loitering (lasso). (f) Loitering (regular). (g) Loitering (random).
Table 1.
The number of images for vessel movement types in the training and validation stage.
Table 2.
Results of seven movement patterns (highest and second highest values are bold-faced and underlined, respectively).
Table 3.
Accuracy statistics of three sailing pattern classifications.
Fig 4.
Performance comparison on three sailing patterns between previous CNN-based methods.
Table 4.
Accuracy statistics of four loitering pattern classifications.
Fig 5.
Performance comparison on four loitering patterns between previous CNN-based methods.
Fig 6.
Performance comparison on three sailing patterns between DCNN-based methods.
Fig 7.
Performance comparison on four loitering patterns between DCNN-based methods.
Fig 8.
Classification results between our method and RNN methods.