Fig 1.
Process of corpus development.
(a) The keywords were derived from relevant literature and various random search terms. (b) The article search was conducted using three developed search terms drawn from the comprehensive keyword set, resulting in 3000 articles and a convenience sample resulting from random search terms, yielding 52 articles. Refer to S1 File for the Random Sample. (c) All 3052 were checked for relevance in the next step, resulting in 333 relevant articles. After removing duplicates, opinion articles, and summary articles (d), 90 were identified as unique and relevant, constituting the final corpus.
Fig 2.
News articles published per year.
Table 1.
Distribution of NSEs.
Table 2.
Distribution of existing solutions.
Fig 3.
Successfully (green) and unsuccessfully (red) applied solutions to different externalities by governments (G) and residents (R).