Fig 1.
The original (a) and the logarithmic spiral (b) search models.
Fig 2.
Flowchart for recommended Ls-AOA optimizer.
Fig 3.
Equivalent circuit of SDM.
Fig 4.
Equivalent circuit of DDM.
Fig 5.
Equivalent circuit of TDM.
Fig 6.
Parameter extraction process with the combination of Newton-Raphson method and Ls-AOA.
Table 1.
The parameter bounds of SDM, DDM and TDM.
Table 2.
Estimated parameters of SDM with Ls-AOA.
Fig 7.
I-V curve characteristics of SDM.
Fig 8.
P-V curve characteristics of SDM.
Fig 9.
I-V curve characteristics of DDM.
Fig 10.
P-V curve characteristics of DDM.
Table 3.
Estimated parameters of DDM with Ls-AOA.
Fig 11.
I-V curve characteristics of TDM.
Fig 12.
P-V curve characteristics of TDM.
Table 4.
Estimated parameters of TDM with Ls-AOA.
Table 5.
Statistical performance of Ls-AOA for SDM, DDM and TDM.
Fig 13.
Convergence behavior of Ls-AOA.
Table 6.
The average computation times of AOA and Ls-AOA for each run.
Table 7.
Numerical performance analysis of Ls-AOA with respect to other metaheuristic based approaches.