Fig 1.
Location maps: (a) Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean.The World topographic map was obtained at ArcGIS and is the property of ESRI, used herein under license [31]. The copyrights belong to ESRI, but according to the terms of use, the copyright holder does not need to apply for permission to use because it is free for academic publications, and can be used freely and commercially under the CC BY 4.0 license.; (b) Location of Polpitigama DS.; (c) Polpitigama DS in Landsat8 false colour (5,4,3) composite. Map was edited by authors using United States Geological Survey Earth Explorer Landsat images [32].
Fig 2.
AHP structure of QoL analysis in Polpitigama DS.
Table 1.
Weight assignment to criteria for QoL indexing.
Fig 3.
QoL threshold class maps: (A-1) Slope; (A-2) Proximity to forest; (A-3) Proximity to tanks; (A-4) LST; (B-1) Proximity to roads; (B-2) Proximity to schools; (B-3) Proximity to hospitals; (B-4) Proximity to postal facilities; (B-5) Proximity to library;(B-6) Proximity to growth centers; (C-1) Proximity to religious places; (C-2) Proximity to archaeological sites; (D-1) Proximity to police stations; (D-2) Human Elephant conflict risk; (E-1) Unemployment %; (E-2) Household income; (E-3) Fixed telephone facilities; (E-4) Electricity facilities; (E-5) Drinking wells; (E-6) Sanitary facilities. Maps were edited by authors using United States Geological Survey Earth Explorer Landsat images [32].
Fig 4.
Spatial variations maps of QoL: Environment (A); service functions (B); cultural facilities (C); Security (D); socioeconomic factors (E). Maps were edited by authors using United States Geological Survey Earth Explorer Landsat images [32].
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the QoL index.
Fig 5.
Quality of Life index: (a) QoL index map in Polptigama DS; (b) Descriptive statistics of QoL index. Map was edited by authors using United States Geological Survey Earth Explorer Landsat images [32].
Fig 6.
Distance effect for QoL: (a) Variations of Quality of Life (QoL) from the town center to the periphery; (b) Percentage contribution of QoL gradient zones. Map was edited by authors using United States Geological Survey Earth Explorer Landsat images [32].
Fig 7.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the model validation.