Fig 1.
Assembly of XZ electrospinning system.
1) Function generator, 2) Polymer, 3,4) Electrical isolation, 5) Deflector plates X, 6) Electrified fluid jet trajectory,7) Thickness Z, 8) Polymer injector, 9) Taylor cone (straight segment), 10) Timer switch, 11) Anode, 12) High voltage 2 to 20 kV, 13) Collector-cathode plate.
Fig 2.
Assembly of XYZ electrospinning system.
1) Function generator, 2) Polymer, 3,4) Electrical isolation, 5) Horizontal deflector plates X, 6) Vertical deflector plates Y, 7) Electrified fluid jet trajectory, 8) Thickness Z, 9) Polymer injector, 10) Taylor cone (straight segment), 11) Timer switch, 12) Anode, 13) High voltage 2 to 20 kV, 14) Collector-cathode plate.
Fig 3.
The assembly of the LF-XYZ electrospinning system follows the LF trend.
1) Function generator X(t) = A sin(ωt), Y(t) = B sin(Ωt + δ), the deflector plates for X and Y are biased with negative sinusoidal signals of -10 Vpp at a frequency of 1 Hz, phase-shifted by 90°, 2) Polymer or substance, 3) Electrical isolation, 4) Horizontal deflector plates X, 5) Vertical deflector plates Y, 6) Positively electrified fluid jet trajectory, 7) Thickness Z of LF, 8) Polymer injector, 9) Taylor cone (straight segment), 10) Timer switch, 11) Anode, 12) High voltage 2 to 25 kV, 13) Collector-cathode plate.
Fig 4.
a) Experimental arrangement of electrospinning of polymeric nanofiber membranes in a random, unmodulated fashion of PVDF membrane. The positive jet polarity of the polymer jet (Taylor cone) used PVDF is exhibited by b) and c) PVDF randomly shaped polymeric nanofiber membrane on an aluminum collector-cathode plate.
Fig 5.
Shows the experimental arrangement based on XZ electrospinning, a) two electrodes or deflector plates on direction X separated with 110 mm where it was excited b) with a sinusoidal signal of -10 Vpp, at a frequency of 1 Hz. The high voltage was 18 KV from the electrospinning for 4 minutes.
Fig 6.
Illustrates the deposits of the polymeric membranes in the X direction based on Fig 1, with different dimensions in terms of width deposited of 15 mm (a,b) y 6 mm (c,d) with a distance between deflector plates of 45 mm y 30 mm respectively, with a sinusoidal signal of -10 Vpp, at a frequency of 1 Hz. The thickness (Z) of the membranes was 248 μm (PVC, Fig 11).
Fig 7.
Shows the experimental setup that was used based on Fig 2, consisting of a pair of deflector plates for the X and Y directions, as well as the results of the electrospinning of the polymer in the X-Y paths on the aluminum cross-shaped collector-cathode plate.
Fig 8.
Illustrates the cross-shaped polymeric membranes deposition with widths of 7 mm (a,b) and 12 mm (c,d) with a distance between deflector plates of 30 mm and 45 mm, respectively, both in X and Y. The Z thickness was 248 μm (PVC, Fig 11).
Fig 9.
Describes the instrumentation used to obtain a circular-shaped LF.
The phase difference between the two sinusoidal waves with amplitudes of -10 Vpp signals at 1 Hz for X and Y was 90°.
Fig 10.
Illustrates the deposition or print of the PVC-pigmented resin electrospun membrane on the collector-cathode plate based on Fig 3, (a) clearly shows the circular trend of the positively charged polymer jet width trajectory in the electrospun membrane print (b), similar to LF.
Fig 11.
Exposure time against the corresponding Z, PVC-based resin, and PVDF polymer.
Fig 12.
PVC SEM x5000, a) central zone with electric field b) end zone without applying the electric field.
Fig 13.
PVC SEM x10000, a) central zone with electric field b) end zone without applying the electric field.
Fig 14.
PVDF SEM x5000, a) central zone with electric field b) end zone without applying the electric field.
Fig 15.
PVDF SEM x10000, a) central zone with electric field b) end zone without applying the electric field.
Fig 16.
Frequency of fiber diameters in PVC SEM x5000.
Fig 17.
Orientation distribution of PVC nanofibers SEM x5000, a) With electric field, orientation of PVC SEM x5000, b)Without electric field, orientation of PVC SEM x5000.
Fig 18.
Frequency of fiber diameters in PVC SEM x10000.
Fig 19.
Orientation distribution of PVC nanofibers SEM x10000, a)With electric field, orientation of PVC SEM x10000, b)Without electric field, orientation of PVC SEM x10000.
Fig 20.
Frequency of fiber diameters in PVDF SEM x5000.
Fig 21.
Orientation distribution of PVC nanofibers SEM x10000, a) With electric field, orientation of PVDF SEM x5000, b) Without electric field, orientation of PVDF SEM x5000.
Fig 22.
Orientation distribution of PVC nanofibers SEM x10000, a)With electric field, orientation of PVDF SEM x10000, b)Without electric field, orientation of PVDF SEM x10000.
Fig 23.
X-ray energy dispersive analyzer for: a) Membrane of PVC-based resin nanofibers and b) membrane of PVDF nanofibers.
Fig 24.
Frequency of fiber diameters in PVDF SEM x10000.