Fig 1.
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 flow diagram.
Fig 2.
Training procedure for PNF stretching. A. Schematic illustration describing the definition of the right PAR (pelvic rotating clockwise in cephalad view).
d1/d2 shows the distance of the line connecting the ipsilateral ASIS and SI. B. The stretch of the right tight psoas. Lying in a supine position, the patient’s right leg is dropped off the table. The patient tries to flex the hip against resistance from the therapist pushing down the knee. The white arrow represents the direction of force from the therapist; the gray arrow represents the direction of force from the patient. PNF, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; PAR, pelvic axial rotation; ASIS, anterior superior iliac spine; SI, inferior ilium at the sacroiliac joint. C. The de-rotation stretches of the pelvic girdle. To treat a right PAR, the patient lies in a supine position with the therapist standing on the left side. The lower limbs are flexed and pulled toward the left chest until the sacral bone is lifted. D. Active motor control exercise. The patient lifts the pelvis and remains level while lying in the supine position.
Fig 3.
Schematic illustration describing the measurements of the Cobb angle and the concave/convex ratio of the hipbone width.
An 11-year-old girl with left lumbar scoliosis, a main lumbar Cobb angle of 18°, and a concave/convex ratio (d1/d2) of 0.94. ASIS, anterior superior iliac spine; SI, sacroiliac joint.
Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics by randomized group.
Table 2.
Primary and secondary efficacy outcome measures.
Table 3.
The between-group difference for change in apical vertebral rotation.