Fig 1.
Method for analyzing orthopantomographic images.
(A) The target tooth (mandibular left second primary molar) is within the white rectangle. (B) The target tooth trimmed from the orthopantomographic image. (C) The pulp chamber trimmed from the target tooth.
Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).
Fig 2.
Distribution of the pulp/tooth ratio for each age group in healthy participants.
Black horizontal lines in each age group indicate average ± SEM. Significant differences were determined using analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 between groups. (A) Second primary molars. (B) First permanent molars.
Table 2.
Number of analyzed teeth in healthy participants and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) patients.
Fig 3.
Receiver operating characteristic curves of pulp/tooth ratio predicting dentin dysplasia of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).
(A) Second primary molar in 2–4 year age group. (B) Second primary molar in 5–7 year age group. (C) First permanent molar in 8–10 year age group. (D) First permanent molar in 11–13 year age group.
Fig 4.
Comparison of pulp/tooth ratio of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and healthy participants by sex.
Black horizontal lines in each age group indicate average ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 between groups. (A) Second primary molar in 2–4 year age group. (B) Second primary molar in 5–7 year age group. (C) First permanent molar in 8–10 year age group. (D) First permanent molar in 11–13 year age group.
Fig 5.
Comparison of pulp/tooth ratio of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) with or without experience of dental abscesses and healthy participants.
Black horizontal lines in each age group indicate average ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 between groups. (A) Second primary molar in 2–4 year age group. (B) Second primary molar in 5–7 year age group. (C) First permanent molar in 8–10 year age group. (D) First permanent molar in 11–13 year age group.
Fig 6.
Comparison of pulp/tooth ratio of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) by treatment method.
Black horizontal lines in each age group indicate average ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 between groups. (A) Second primary molar in 2–4 year age group. (B) Second primary molar in 5–7 year age group. (C) First permanent molar in 8–10 year age group. (D) First permanent molar in 11–13 year age group. C: conventional therapy. B: burosumab. C/B: transferred therapy from conventional to burosumab.