Fig 1.
Geographical distribution of raw milk samples collected from dairy bovines in various regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Table 1.
Cross tabulations of milk source with (E.coli, STEC non-O157:H7,) contaminations n = 800.
Table 2.
Primers, concentration and annealing temperature used for molecular characterization of STEC O157:H7 (applied biosystems, Waltham, USA).
Table 3.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STECnon-O157:H7) isolated from raw milk in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
(CLSI 2020).
Table 4.
Serotyping status for STEC non-O157:H7 isolates from raw milk of dairy bovine In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.
Fig 2.
Regional wise E.coli status n = 800.
Fig 3.
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for the presence of virulence genes (eae 100bp, Stx1 150bp, Stx2, ehxA 534bp) in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from raw bovine milk samples in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
The figure includes the following lanes: M Lane shows the 100bp ladder, Lane 1 is the positive control, Lane 2 is the negative control, and Lanes 3–6 represent the test samples.
Table 5.
Chi-square and fisher’s exact test (statistics) of E.coli with (STEC non-O157:H7) n = 800.
Table 6.
Prevalence of STEC O157:H7 virulence genes (Stx1, Stx2, eae, ehxA) from bovine raw milk.
Fig 4.
MLST phylogenetic analysis.