Fig 1.
Graphical representation of the logic behind the Women’s Contribution Index (WCI) based on the binary author list in papers following Hagen [38].
A. Encoding of the binary list for a five-authored fictitious paper example. B. Author contribution by positions following the harmonic allocation of authorship credit sensu Hagen [38]. C. Women’s Contribution Index the calculation for the exemplar paper in B. The index is the sum of the contributions of each woman in the papers. Each woman’s contribution is dependent on her position and the whole number of authors. The pie chart depicts a paper of five authors following the exemplar author list in B.
Fig 2.
Gender Data Overview: A. Pie chart of gender proportion among total authors (outer circle); women proportion among total authorships (middle circle), and women proportion among the 50 authors who published the most (inner circle). B. Absolute frequency histogram of the author’s position in the author list discriminated by gender for the entire study period. C. Absolute frequency histogram with the number of papers published by authors during the whole period. The chart shows the top 100 authors who published the most (same author in more than one paper) in decreasing order. The percentage of women among the first, 100, 50, and 25 top authors are shown on the right. D. Upper figure: yearly absolute number of papers published and classified into three categories: exclusively female author lists, exclusively male author lists, and mixed author lists. Middle chart: yearly total authorships in Ecology. Lower chart: yearly women’s proportion within the authorships.
Table 1.
Key summary values.
Fig 3.
Women over-contribution to papers.
A. Frequency distribution of the women’s contribution index (WCI) in 10,000 random scenarios. The mean value of this distribution is depicted by a thick black vertical line and its standard deviation by dotted vertical lines. The purple vertical line indicates the observed WCI. B. Quantile-quantile plot comparing the cMCI (X-axis) vs the cWCI (Y-axis). The plot displays the pairs of quantiles for probability order quantiles from 0 to 1 (p-order quantiles). p-order quantiles are shown by the colored gradient (blue = 0; red = 1). A 45-degree reference line is also plotted (dotted line) as a reference.