Fig 1.
DEM—FDM coupling calculation model of shield tunnel.
Table 1.
Soil layer parameter settings.
Table 2.
Model structure parameter settings.
Fig 2.
Process of DEM-FDM modeling analysis.
Fig 3.
Schematic diagram of DEM-FDM coupling model.
Table 3.
Numerical simulation scheme of three-hole tunnel excavation with small distance.
Fig 4.
Engineering design scheme.
Fig 5.
The results of numerical simulation verification.
Fig 6.
Vertical displacement of pile foundation with different distance between three kinds of pile foundation and tunnel.
Fig 7.
Vertical displacement cloud map of three pile foundation models (m).
Fig 8.
Horizontal displacement of pile foundation with different pile lengths.
Fig 9.
Horizontal displacement cloud image at different pile lengths.
Fig 10.
Horizontal displacement of pile foundation at different distance from tunnel.
Fig 11.
Axial stress distribution of three piles at different distances.
Fig 12.
Horizontal displacement cloud image when the distance between pile and tunnel is different.
Fig 13.
Horizontal displacements of three kinds of piles with different spacing.
Fig 14.
Distribution of horizontal displacements along the axis of piles at different distances.
Fig 15.
Vertical displacement of three kinds of piles with different spacing.
Fig 16.
Near-side axial stress difference of three kinds of piles at different distances.
Fig 17.
Cloud map of horizontal displacement of adjacent pile foundation and stratum induced by tunnel construction.
Fig 18.
Horizontal displacement of pile top of three kinds of piles at different excavation stages.
Fig 19.
Horizontal displacement of pile bottom of three kinds of piles at different excavation stages.
Fig 20.
Influence of three-hole tunnel construction on axial stress of pile foundation.