Fig 1.
Flow chart of sample selection from the NHANES 2011–2014.
This figure illustrates the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to the initial sample of 19,931 participants, resulting in a final sample of 4,598 participants.
Table 1.
Characteristic of study sample.
Fig 2.
Associations between sleep duration and MQI stratified by sex and MET scores.
The figure shows the positive correlation between sleep duration and MQI, with separate lines for males and females, as well as for different levels of physical activity (low, moderate, high). Adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, marital status, income to poverty ratio, smoking status, alcohol use, depression level, MET scores, depression level, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, energy intake (kcal/day), protein intake (g/day), carbohydratel (g/day), total fat (g/day) and caffeine (mg/day).
Fig 3.
The association between sleep duration and MQI.
The X-axis represents sleep duration (hours), and the Y-axis represents the Muscle Quality Index (MQI). The blue bands represent the 95% confidence interval for the fitted line, adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, marital status, income to poverty ratio, smoking status, alcohol use, depression level, MET scores, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, energy intake (kcal/day), protein intake (g/day), carbohydrate intake (g/day), total fat intake (g/day), and caffeine intake (mg/day).
Fig 4.
The association between sleep duration and MQI stratified by sex.
The X-axis represents sleep duration (hours), and the Y-axis represents the Muscle Quality Index (MQI). This figure shows the different trends in the association between sleep duration and MQI for males and females, adjusted for the same covariates as Fig 3.
Table 2.
Associations between sleep duration and MQI.