Fig 1.
Single-mode cognitive control paradigm, task design, and behavioral performance.
A) View of Go/No-Go task that show the procedure of Go and (top) No-Go trials (bottom). Each trial followed a specific sequence: A fixation point (+) displayed for 800 ms; a blank white screen lasting 500 ms; presentation of a cue for one of five stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs = 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ms); appearance of a go or no-go target, remaining visible until a response occurred or 1000 ms had elapsed; and an intertrial interval of 700 ms. B) RT (ms) as functions of SOAs (ms) for Go trials (depicted in green). C) Accuracy as functions of SOAs (ms) for Go trials (depicted in green) and No-Go trials (represented in purple). Bar plot shows accuracy in all SOAs for Go trials (green) and No-Go trials (purple). The symbols *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance levels at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively. The symbols =, /, and x represent the main effects of search efficiency, set size, and their interaction, respectively.
Fig 2.
Dual mechanism of cognitive control paradigm, task design, and behavioral performance.
A) View of AX-CPT task. Participants completed an AX-CPT task, viewing letter trials lasting 300 ms on a black screen, with a 4200 ms interval between cue and probe presentation. They were instructed to remember the cue (“A” or any letter except “X,” “K,” and “Y”) until they saw the probe (“X” or any letter except “A,” “K,” or “Y”). If the cue was “A” followed by the probe “X,” they pressed the “yes” button; otherwise, they pressed the “no” button. B) RT (top) and accuracy (bottom) as functions of conditions (X, AY, BX, and BY trials). The symbols *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance levels at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.