Fig 1.
Vessel JTMD-BF-356 and associated nudibranchs.
A. Vessel JTMD-BF-356 discovered off the coast of Seal Rock, Oregon in April 2015, traced back to Iwate Prefecture, Japan; B. Nudibranchs found in a cluster in the vessel. Photographs by John Chapman [7].
Fig 2.
A timeline showing the taxonomic changes and citations for the genus Hermissenda and the three species that currently comprise it.
Lindsay and Valdés (2016) detailed many of the changes that are included [16–25].
Fig 3.
Phylogeny showing relationships of Hermissenda species based on COI.
Support values (Bayes/SH-aLRT/UFBoot) are shown for the nodes that differentiate the species. Intraspecific relationships between specimens are less central to this study, and, thus, their support values are not included in Fig 3. ABGD results recovered three groups, one for each species. Samples from vessel JTMD-BF-356 shown in bold. Numbers associated with JTMD-BF-356 specimen names indicate the jar in which they were initially stored. Other terminal labels either have GenBank numbers and their locations, if known (state abbreviations included), or a California Academy of Sciences catalog collections number to indicate that they were new samples collected from Oregon in 2019.
Fig 4.
Haplotype network showing the numbers of mutations between the COI sequences and the geographic origin of each specimen.
Fig 5.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of A. Hermissenda crassicornis and B. Hermissenda opalescens radulae.
Fig 6.
Maps made from GBIF data showing the area of overlap between Hermissenda crassicornis (blue) and H. opalescens (orange) occurrences.
The black diamond represents the site offshore of Seal Rock, Oregon where vessel BF-356 was found. A. Shows the entire range of both species, and B. shows a closer view of the west coast of the United States to highlight the overlap. The solid orange line represents the northernmost occurrence of H. opalescens, and the dotted orange line represents the mean latitude of H. opalescens. The solid blue line represents the southernmost occurrence of H. crassicornis, and the dotted blue line represents the mean latitude of H. crassicornis. Background map is included in the R package ggplot2 v.3.4.0 [41].