Fig 1.
Thailand map indicating the seven collection sites of the 15 species studied herein.
1. Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus, Cyclocheilichthys armatus, Cyclocheilichthys repasson, Sikukia stejnegeri; 2. Cyclocheilos enoplos, Poropuntius laoensis, Puntius brevis; 3. Hampala macrolepidota, Barbonymus altus, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii; 4. Barbonymus gonionotus, Hampala dispar; 5. Puntigrus partipentazona; 6. Pethia stoliczkana and 7. Desmopuntius hexazona. Map created with Natural Earth on QGIS 3.20. Scale Bar = 300 km.
Table 1.
Collection sites and the number of specimens for chromosomal analysis.
Fig 2.
Karyotypes of five Systomini representatives.
Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus (1); Barbonymus altus (2); Barbonymus gonionotus (3); Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (4); and Cyclocheilichthys armatus (5) karyotypes arranged from Ag-NOR stained chromosomes. The Arrows indicate NOR-bearing chromosomes. Bar = 5 μm.
Fig 3.
Karyotypes of five Systomini representatives.
Cyclocheilichthys repasson (6); Cyclocheilos enoplos (7); Desmopuntius hexazona (8); Hampala dispar (9); and Hampala macrolepidota (10) chromosomes arranged in karyotypes from Ag-NOR stain technique. Arrows indicate NOR-bearing chromosomes. Bar = 5 μm.
Fig 4.
Karyotypes of five Systomini representatives.
Chromosomes of Pethia stoliczkana (11); Poropuntius laoensis (12); Puntigrus partipentazona (13); Puntius brevis (14) and Sikukia stejnegeri (15) arranged in karyotypes from Ag-NOR stain. Arrows indicate NOR-bearing chromosomes. Bar = 5 μm.
Fig 5.
Karyotypes of Systomini species after double-FISH mapping of rDNA sequences.
Chromosomes of Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus (1); Barbonymus altus (2); B. gonionotus (3); B. schwanenfeldii (4); Cyclocheilichthys armatus (5); C. repasson (6) Cyclocheilos enoplos (7) and Desmopuntius hexazona (8) arranged after double FISH with 5S (red) and 18S (green) rDNAs. Scale Bar = 5 μm.
Fig 6.
Karyotypes of Systomini species after double-FISH mapping of rDNA sequences.
Hampala dispar (9); H. macrolepidota (10); Pethia stoliczkana (11); Poropuntius laoensis (12); Puntigrus partipentazona (13); Puntius brevis (14) and Sikukia stejnegeri (15) chromosomes arranged after double FISH with 5S (red) and 18S (green) rDNAs as probes. Scale Bar = 5 μm.
Fig 7.
Representative idiograms of the distribution of rDNA sequences in Systomini.
Each line corresponds to the representation of the haploid set (n) of a species, following: Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus (1); Barbonymus altus (2); B. gonionotus (3); B. schwanenfeldii (4); Cyclocheilichthys armatus (5); C. repasson (6); Cyclocheilos enoplos (7); Desmopuntius hexazona (8); Hampala dispar (9); H. macrolepidota (10); Pethia stoliczkana (11); Poropuntius laoensis (12); Puntigrus partipentazona (13); Puntius brevis (14); and Sikukia stejnegeri (15). Red and green circles indicate the position of 5S and 18S rDNA, respectively.
Table 2.
Cytogenetic and FISH studies on fifteen cyprinids in Thailand (m = metacentric, sm = submetacentric, st = subtelocentric, a = acrocentric chromosomes, NOR = nucleolar organizer region).