Fig 1.
Measurement of inner diameter, flow rate, and pressure of portal vein under ultrasound guidance.
A: Measurement of inner diameter of portal vein; B, C: Measurement of flow rate of portal vein; D: Measurement of PVP by puncture.
Fig 2.
A: The angiographic catheter was successfully introduced to the branches of the hepatic vein, and angiography was performed to exclude shunts, leakage, and collateral circulation, etc. B: The balloon catheter was wedged into the hepatic vein, and the balloon was injected with the contrast agent. The contrast agent was injected to the hepatic vein through the tip of the catheter. The balloon was dilated to check for any contrast agent leakage or reflux. C: 2 mL of contrast agent was slowly injected via the balloon catheter. Using the balloon dilated, after withdrawal until blood was observable, normal saline was injected to drain the blood and contrast agent in the balloon catheter, and the balloon catheter was connected with the pressure transducer for pressure measurement. D, E, and F: Angiography confirmed the presence of obvious veno-venous collateral shunts.
Fig 3.
Intraoperative ultrasound-guided PVP measurement image.
Fig 4.
Take BD-24G as the reference standard.
Based on the statistical analysis of intraclass correlation coefficient. Validation and selection of punture needle.
Fig 5.
Take BD-20G as the reference standard.
Based on the statistical analysis of intraclass correlation coefficient. Validation and selection of puncture needle.
Fig 6.
Repeated measurement reliability analysis.
1 is the proximal end; 2 is the center of proximal and distal end; 3 is the distal end. Notes: 1. single first branch (normal saline, 20 rpm); 2. single first branch (normal saline, 25 rpm); 3. single first branch (normal saline, 30 rpm); 4. single first branch (Voluven, 20 rpm); 5. single first branch (Voluven, 25 rpm); 6. single first branch (Voluven, 30 rpm); 7. two first branches in parallel (Voluven, 20 rpm); 8. two first branches in parallel (Voluven, 25 rpm); 9. two first branches in parallel (Voluven, 30 rpm); 10. two first branches in series (Voluven, 20 rpm); 11. two first branches in series (Voluven, 25 rpm); 12. two first branches in series (Voluven, 30 rpm).
Fig 7.
Correlation between portal venous pressure and hepatic venous pressure gradient (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa).
Fig 8.
Correlation between portal venous pressure and wedged hepatic venous pressure (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa).