Fig 1.
A. read distribution per sample for ITS, B. OTU abundance per sample for ITS, C. Rarefaction Curve for ITS reads, D. reads distribution per sample for 28S rRNA gene, E. OTU abundance per sample for 28S rRNA gene, F. Rarefaction Curve for 28S rRNA gene.
Fig 2.
Box plot visualizing results of one-way ANOVA to comparing Shannon diversity: A. plant organs (p = 0.193), B. epiphytes and endophytes (p = 0.2563) and Study sites (p = 0.175) for ITS and D. plant organs (p = 0.312), E. epiphytes and endophytes (p = 0.492), F. Study sites (p = 0.726) for 28S rRNA gene in cashew phyllosphere. The significance test was confirmed using TukeyHSD at 95% confidence Interval (CI).
Fig 3.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showing the results of the beta diversity analysis using the unweighted UniFrac metrics.
A. plant organs, B. study sites, C. epiphytic and endophytic for ITS, D. plant organs, E. study sites, F. epiphytic and endophytic for 28S rRNA gene in cashew phyllosphere.
Fig 4.
Fungal relative abundance and composition among the cashew phyllosphere across the study sites: A. Phyla abundance and composition using ITS sequence, B. Phyla abundance and composition using 28S rRNA gene sequence, C. Class abundance and composition using ITS sequence, D. Class abundance and composition using 28S rRNA gene sequence.
Fig 5.
Functional prediction analysis of associated Cashew phyllosphere fungal communities: A. ITS associated fungal communities, B. 28S associated fungal communities.
Fig 6.
Clustering of community network structure among different fungal phyla of the cashew phyllosphere for ITS dataset.
Fig 7.
Clustering of fungal community network structure of the cashew phyllosphere for ITS.
A. Basidiomycota, B. Ascomycota.
Fig 8.
Clustering of fungal community network structure of the cashew phyllosphere for 28S rRNA gene.
A. Ascomycota, B. Basidiomycota.
Fig 9.
Evolutionary relationship between phylum Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Fungi Phy Incertate sedis (unclassified fungi) in Kwale, Kilifi and Lamu for ITS dataset.
The phylogenetic tree was inferred from the maximum likelihood.
Fig 10.
Evolutionary relationship among phylum Ascomycota in Kwale, Kilifi and Lamu Lamu for 28S rRNA gene dataset.
The phylogenetic tree was inferred from the maximum likelihood.
Fig 11.
Evolutionary relationship among phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in Kwale, Kilifi and Lamu for 28S rRNA gene.
The phylogenetic tree was inferred using the maximum likelihood.
Fig 12.
Evolutionary relationship among phylum Basidiomycota in Kwale, Kilifi and Lamu for ITS.
The phylogenetic tree was inferred from the maximum likelihood.