Fig 1.
Schematic of the experimental flow in this study.
Fig 2.
Overview of the vesicle samples and the SERS substrate.
(a) TEM image of the sEVs; (b) Western blot of HEK293 derived vesicles; (c) Western blot of HEK293+HRAS derived vesicles; (d) SEM image of the SERS substrate; (e) SEM image of the SERS substrate after sample introduction.
Fig 3.
Comparison between the SERS data and MS data.
(a) peak location comparison between the averaged spectrum from the spectra measured from 68 vesicles (HEK293+HRAS F8) and the simulated spectrum; (b) peak location comparison between the fitted spectrum and averaged measured spectrum; (c) peak location comparison between the fitted spectrum and the simulated spectrum; (d) comparison of the coefficients assigned for the 20 amino acids between the fitted and simulated spectra.
Fig 4.
LDA analysis results of SERS signatures obtained from sEVs of different size groups.
(a) LDA of the spectral signatures obtained from vesicles of HEK293 fractions 7, 8, 9 respectively; (b) LDA of the spectral signatures obtained from vesicles of HEK293+HRAS fractions 7, 8, 9 respectively; (c) Polling the SERS signature from the vesicles of the three size fractions from the HEK293 and HEK293+HRAS respectively; (d) The SERS signature overlapping rate of each fraction from the HRAS group.