Table 1.
Summary of the considered state-of-the-art works.
Table 2.
Descriptions of dataset(s) employed.
Fig 1.
Social hierarchy of grey wolves.
Fig 2.
Position of wolves for encircling the prey.
Fig 3.
Proposed work block diagram.
Fig 4.
Recorded accuracies in % for the hybrid ML approaches on WDBC dataset.
Fig 5.
Recorded MCRs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 6.
Recorded precisions in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 7.
Recorded sensitivities in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 8.
Recorded F1-scores in % for the hybrid ML approaches on WDBC dataset.
Fig 9.
Recorded specificities in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 10.
Recorded FNRs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 11.
Recorded FPRs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 12.
Recorded MCCs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 13.
Recorded balanced accuracies in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 14.
ROC curve with AUC value obtained employing the hybrid approach (RFE and GWO along with MLP) on WDBC dataset.
Table 3.
Observed results employing various hybrid ML approaches on the WDBC dataset.
Fig 15.
Recorded accuracies in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 16.
Recorded MCRs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 17.
Recorded precisions in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 18.
Recorded sensitivities in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 19.
Recorded F1-scores in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 20.
Recorded specificities in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 21.
Recorded FNRs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 22.
Recorded FPRs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 23.
Recorded MCCs in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 24.
Recorded balanced accuracies in % for the hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Fig 25.
ROC curve with AUC value obtained employing the hybrid approach (RFE and GWO along with MLP) on WPBC dataset.
Table 4.
Observed results employing various hybrid ML approaches on the WPBC dataset.
Table 5.
Comparative analysis of the proposed hybrid approach to the considered state-of-the-art works based on WDBC dataset.
Table 6.
Comparative analysis of the proposed hybrid approach to the considered state-of-the-art works based on wpbc dataset.