Fig 1.
a) Latitudinal spatial distributions of 1,555 photographs of Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) feeding on identified food groups throughout North, Central and South America between 1987 through 2022. Photograph samples stacked by caracara age (Adult vs. Non-adult) and approximate location of the overlap zone occurring between approximately 0° through 7° latitude. b) Spatial distribution of photographs with an approximate depiction of the overlap zone occurring between 0° and 7° latitude between the two populations (Northern vs. Southern). Note—latitudinal categories presented in a) do not correspond to spatial data shown in b). Species ranges maps were provided by the BirdLife International Datazone [81].
Fig 2.
Age differences present in 1,555 photographs of Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) feeding throughout North, Central and South America between 1987 through 2022.
a) Adult caracara feeding on a mammal (photograph credit: lucianomassa CC BY NC-SA iNaturalist), b) adult feeding on bird remains (eduardopaiva CC BY-BC-SA iNaturalist), c) adult feeding on crocodilian remains (isisanimals CC BY-NA-SA iNaturalist), d) non-adult feeding on a mammalian carcass (ericgalas CC BY-NA-SA iNaturalist), e) non-adult feeding on an invertebrate (varvarenja CC BY-NA-SA iNaturalist) and f) non-adult feeding on a fish carcass (mariocastanedasanchez CC BY-NA-SA iNaturalist). Panels g) and h) show age and population differences in the probabilities of each food group within photographs of caracaras feeding. Significant differences indicated with asterisks: ‘*’ P < 0.05 and ‘**’ P < 0.01. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Table 1.
Photographic sample sizes of Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) feeding throughout North, Central and South America by population and prey group sourced from Macaulay Library and iNaturalist between 1987 through 2022.
Fig 3.
Significant predicted latitudinal effects, with 95% confidence intervals, on the probability of a) fishes, b) invertebrates and c) mammals within photographs of Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) from the northern population feeding between 1987 through 2022. For the southern population, significant latitudinal effects for d) fishes and e) mammals within photographs of caracaras also shown.