Fig 1.
CONSORT flow diagram.
Fig 2.
Minimalist shoe (Sneaker, Leguano GmbH, GER) worn by intervention group participants.
Material: 53% polyamide, 38% lyocell, 7% polypropylene, 2% elastane. Sole: 100% LIFOLIT®. Reprinted from figures provided by the company under a CC BY license, with permission from Leguano GmbH, original copyright 2023.
Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics at baseline.
Fig 3.
Effect plot (mean ± standard error) of the intervention and measurement time point for the foot parameters: (A) Foot Posture Index-6, and (B) Arch Rigidity Index. Note. * indicates a significant interaction (p ≤ .05).
Table 2.
Results of the linear regression models of the outcome parameters for the minimalist shoe and control group representing changes from baseline (M1) to the second (M2) and third (M3) measurement time points.
Fig 4.
Effect plot (mean ± standard error) of the intervention and measurement time point for the static single-leg stance balance parameters: (A) ellipse area CoP, and (B) CoP path. Note. CoP, Center of pressure; * indicates a significant interaction (p ≤ .05).
Fig 5.
Effect plot (mean ± standard error) of the intervention and measurement time point for the range of motion parameters: (A) first metatarsophalangeal joint, (B) ankle, and (C) posterior chain. Note. MTPJ 1, first metatarsophalangeal joint.
Fig 6.
Effect plot (mean ± standard error) of the intervention and measurement time point for the remote strength parameters: (A) Bunkie Test, (B) IPCT, (C) Hamstrings 60°/s, and (D) Hamstrings 120°/s. Note. IPCT, standing 90:20 Isometric Posterior Chain Test; Hamstrings, isokinetic measurement of the hamstrings’ strength.