Fig 1.
Interested alpha and gamma powers.
Fig 2.
The time-coursed sources averaged over ROIs were the grand averaged waveforms.
(A) Fusiform gyrus area; (B) the time-coursed sources averaged over Fusiform Gyrus areas on the left and the right hemispheres; (C) primary visual area 1 (V1); (D) the time-coursed sources averaged over the V1s on the left and the right hemisphere.
Fig 3.
ANOVA analysis for alpha-gamma PAC: (A) Main effect of Group in V1; (B) Main effect of condition in V1; (C) the interaction between the two factors (control vs. ASD and face vs. no-face); and (D) Main effect of condition in FG. For the main effect of groups in (A) and (D), the blue colors indicate the increased PAC in the ASD group. For the main effect of condition in (B) the blue color indicates the higher alpha-gamma PAC to no-face stimuli. In (C), the red color indicates higher alpha-gamma PAC in the face condition for controls vs. autistic patients. The statistical analysis is multiple-comparison corrected and the alpha level is set to 0.05.
Fig 4.
Grange causality values for V1-FG directed connectivity were computed based on the groups and the conditions.
Both the local connectivity and the global connectivity were estimated.
Fig 5.
ANOVA analysis was implemented based on the grange causality values in Fig 4: (A) the Main effect of the group, (B) the Main effect of the condition, and (C) the interaction between the two factors (control vs. ASD and face vs. no-face). For the main effect of the group, the red color indicates the stronger connectivity in controls. For the main effect of the condition, the red colors indicate the stronger connectivity to face stimuli. For the interaction between the two factors, the red color suggests higher connectivity in the face condition for control vs. autistic patients. The statistical analysis is multiple-comparison corrected and the alpha level is set to 0.05.
Fig 6.
The directed asymmetry index (DAI) was computed for each group and each condition individually at the left hemisphere (A) and the right hemisphere (B).
Table 1.
Correlation between behavior and PAC in V1.
Table 2.
Correlation between behavior and PAC in FG.
Fig 7.
Correlations between behavior and DAI.
For the control group, the correlation between DAI and the detection rate was negative at the face condition (A). For the ASD group, the correlation between DAI and the detection rate was positive at the face condition (B).
Fig 8.
Coherences between primary visual area 1 and fusiform gyrus area were estimated for controls at the face condition (A) and the no-face condition (B) and for patients with ASD at the face condition (C) and the no-face condition (D).