Table 1.
Real and coded values for the power (watt) of the plasma system (X1/x1) and the duration of time (minute) (X2/x2) in the optimization process for hydrophobic coating on borosilicate glass using PTFE films.
Fig 1.
Variations in the water contact angle of PTFE- and borosilicate-coated substrates exposed for different periods, ranging from 1 to 15 minutes.
The inset pictures (a-d) depict the dynamic changes as the exposure time progressively extends (15 minutes on top).
Fig 2.
FESEM images of the PTFE-coated film substrate samples (a, c, e) and borosilicate samples (b, d, f) subjected to oxygen plasma treatment at 90W for 15 minutes, captured under magnifications of 5000x (a, b), 10000x (c, d), and 30000x (e, f) respectively.
Table 2.
Degradability profiles of water contact angle (WCA) for both borosilicate glass and PTFE-coated film substrates after oxygen plasma treatment, illustrated in relation to the treatment time.
Fig 3.
Labelling of elemental composition in EDX spectra for borosilicate glass samples before oxygen plasma treatment (a, b) and PTFE film substrates after plasma treatment (c, d) at a treatment duration of 15 minutes and 90W (power).
Table 3.
The observed values for the response variable, the contact angle (CA), and the actual levels of the independent variables for the PTFE-coated film plate.
Table 4.
ANOVA results for the contact angle obtained from the Response Surface 2FI Model.
Table 5.
Comparing the anticipated contact angle values of the PTFE-coated substrate with the actual contact angles obtained in repeated trials using optimum parameters to assess the validity of the model.
Table 6.
The positions of primary bands, full widths at half-maximum (ΓX), and intensity ratios of the bands in the Raman spectra.
Table 7.
BET surface area comparison between the PTFE-coated film substrate and the borosilicate glass substrate.
Fig 4.
(a) The real interaction depicted in the Design-Expert plot; (b) The Design-Expert plot comparing predicted vs. actual results.
Fig 5.
3D response surface plot generated by Design Expert, illustrating the relationship between contact angle, power (watt) of the plasma system, and duration of time (minutes).
Fig 6.
Raman spectra obtained from the PTFE-coated film substrate following oxygen plasma treatment.
Fig 7.
(a) Pore volume plotted against pore diameter for the borosilicate glass substrate; (b) Pore volume against pore diameter for the PTFE-coated substrate. (c) Sorption isotherm plot against pore diameter on the borosilicate glass substrate; (d) Sorption isotherm plot against pore diameter on the PTFE-coated film substrate.
Table 8.
Impact of varied drying conditions (inlet/outlet temperature) and maltodextrin concentration on the physical properties of Noni powders using a PTFE substrate treated with post-oxygenated plasma as the drying surface.