Fig 1.
Schematic view of the experimental procedures of the LPS-induced AKI mice model.
(Fig 1: Republished from [PLOS ONE] under a CC BY license, with permission from [Jing Lian and Figdraw], original copyright [2024]).
Table 1.
The primers sequences for PCR detection.
Fig 2.
ACT and ISO ameliorate renal dysfunction in LPS-induced AKI mice.
(A) Kidney index. (B) Serum creatinine (Crea) concentrations. (C) Serum albumin (Alb) concentration. (D) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Fig 3.
ACT and ISO decrease pathological changes in LPS-induced AKI mice.
(A) H&E staining of kidney, red arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration and black arrows indicate vacuolar degeneration, scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Nephropathic injury scores. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Fig 4.
ACT and ISO improve inflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-induced AKI mice.
Serum (A)Interleukin-6(IL-6), (B)Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), (C) Cystatin C(Cys-C), (D) Tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), (E) Superoxide Dismutase1(SOD1) levels, which reflect renal function, were determined. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Fig 5.
ACT and ISO suppress protein and gene expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in LPS-induced AKI mice.
(A) The protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 tested using immunostaining. Quantitative data of TLR4-positive (B) and NF-κB p65-positive (C) areas. The gene expression of Tlr4 (D) and Rela (Rela gene is responsible for the expression of NFκB p65 protein) (E) assessed by q-PCR and the data show quantitative results normalized to GAPDH. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Fig 6.
ACT and ISO alleviate renal dysfunction and inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.
The protein expression of TLR4 (A), NF-κB p65 (B), MyD88 (C) and IκB-ɑ (D) detected by Western blot. β-Actin was also analyzed as a loading control. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Fig 7.
Schematic diagram of the underlying mechanism of acute kidney injury caused by LPS.
Acteoside and isoacteoside block the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway, thereby impairing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (Fig 7: Republished from [PLOS ONE] under a CC BY license, with permission from [Jing Lian and Figdraw], original copyright [2024]).