Fig 1.
Location map of Iran, Hamedan province, and the urban land uses studied in Hamedan city.
Fig 2.
Sampling plan of measuring noise reduction by distance and sound barrier (two approaches).
Table 1.
Iranian national noise standards in sensitive land use.
Fig 3.
Traffic noise flow and locations of hotspots with considering (left); and without considering the sound barrier effect (right) based on the Kriging method.
Fig 4.
The map of noise reduction supply by UGIs in each neighborhood using the zonal statistic tool.
Fig 5.
The demand map for noise reduction in each neighborhood using the zonal statistic tool.
Table 2.
Average sound level in each neighborhood of the Hamadan urban area.
Fig 6.
Zonal statistic analysis of noise pollution (left) and UGIs (right) based on the average statistics.
Fig 7.
Noise zonal statistics—The importance of GI in reducing noise pollution in urban neighborhoods.
Table 3.
Results of zonal statistics of noise (dB) and the importance of GIs in reducing noise pollution (0–100).
Fig 8.
The supply-demand ratio of noise reduction service based on working units.