Table 1.
Literature review.
Fig 1.
Study flow chart presenting the experimental set-up.
Fig 2.
Representative SEM images of each chelating agent group (rows) at each sectional level (columns).
Rows representing the chelating agent groups: (1) EDTA, (2) HEDP, (3) CA and (4) DW. Columns representing the root depth; (a) apical, (b) middle, (c) coronal. CA, citric acid; DW, distilled water; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; HEDP, etidronic acid; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.
Table 2.
Smear layer removal at each section level.
Fig 3.
Confocal microscopy images of representative samples treated from each chelating solution group (columns) at each sectional level (rows).
(×10 magnification, 7×7 tile scan mode). Columns in respective order: (1) EDTA, (2) HEDP, (3) CA, (4) DW. Rows represent the (a) apical, (b) middle and (c) coronal sections. An example of the calculation of area of sealer penetration in the outer wall is shown in 4(c). CA, citric acid; DW, distilled water; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; HEDP, etidronic acid.
Table 3.
Mean total penetration percentage at each section level.
Table 4.
Maximum depth of sealer penetration at each section level.