Table 1.
Patients’ baseline characteristics.
Fig 1.
Study flow diagram.
Fig 2.
Examples of molecular karyotypes obtained via NGS from a single sperm.
(A) 23, X is the normal molecular karyotype from patient C1. (B) 23, Y is the normal molecular karyotype from patient C2. (C) 22, Y exhibiting a single chromosomal loss of -17 in patient S6. (D) 24, X showing a single chromosomal gain of +20 in patient S7.
Table 2.
Aneuploidy rate of morphologically normal single sperm cells.
Fig 3.
Comparison of chromosomal abnormalities observed in single sperm cells from the control and study groups.
(A) chromosome gain (B) chromosome loss.
Table 3.
Chromosomal abnormalities observed within single sperm cells.
Table 4.
Frequency of autosomal chromosome abnormalities in the control and study groups.
Table 5.
Classification of autosomal abnormalities in sperm cells by specific chromosome groups for each patient.
Table 6.
Detailed examination of chromosome abnormalities observed in individual sperm cells.