Table 1.
Sex-specific general characteristics according to the tertile of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio.
Fig 1.
Association between the liver enzyme profile and IR indices in (A) Korean men and (B) Korean women. *, **, and *** denote p-value < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, calculated by Pearson’s correlation method. Pearson’s correlation was used to identify the association of liver profiles, including ALT, AST, and their ratio, with the four IR indices. Correlation analysis was repeated six times with different combinations of participants (those with diabetes, dyslipidemia, alcohol consumption, general obesity, and abdominal obesity). Abbreviations: IR, insulin resistance; PCC, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Glc, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; HOMA-β, HOMA for β-cells.
Fig 2.
Comparative analysis of the degree of association of ALT and ALT/AST ratio with IR indices in Korean men.
The association between the liver enzyme profile and IR index was calculated using four linear regression models, including different combinations of covariates. Model 1 was a univariate model with the liver enzyme profile and IR indices as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. Model 2 included age as the covariate. Model 3 included age, DM, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption as confounders. Model 4 included age, DM, dyslipidemia, alcohol consumption, BMI, and WC as confounding factors. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; Glc, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; HOMA-β, HOMA for β cell.
Fig 3.
Comparative analysis of the degree of association of ALT and ALT/AST ratio with IR indices in Korean women.
The association between the liver enzyme profile and IR index was calculated using four linear regression models including different combinations of covariates. Model 1 was a univariate model setting the liver enzyme profile and IR indices as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. Model 2 included age as the covariate. Model 3 included age, DM, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption as confounders. Model 4 included age, DM, dyslipidemia, alcohol consumption, BMI, and WC as confounding factors. Abbreviation: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; Glc, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; HOMA-β, HOMA for β cell.
Fig 4.
Classification performance of ALT and ALT/AST ratio for IR status in (A) Korean men and (B) Korean women. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; IR, insulin resistance; AUC, area under curve of receiver operating characteristic; Glc, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; HOMA-β, HOMA for β cell; M+SD; mean plus one standard deviation.