Table 1.
The reason of uneven settlement of buildings [2].
Fig 1.
Research technical roadmap.
Fig 2.
Realistic view of uneven settlement areas in buildings.
Fig 3.
Axis distribution in uneven settlement areas (The direction up is in the north direction).
(a) Area of E; (b) Area of F.
Fig 4.
Schematic diagram for strengthening column bases.
Fig 5.
Realistic situation of strengthening column bases and steel joints.
Table 2.
The uneven settlement of each column.
Fig 6.
FE model of steel frame structure.
Fig 7.
Results of element sensitivity analysis.
Fig 8.
Mesh partitioning results.
Fig 9.
The yield surface in 3D stress space of CDP model.
Table 3.
The material parameters of concrete CDP model.
Fig 10.
Uniaxial load cycle curves of concrete material model [33].
Fig 11.
Plasticity and damage evolution curves of steel material model [34].
Table 4.
Comparison of measured and numerically simulated results for strain gauges.
Fig 12.
The first three modes of areas E and F.
(a) first mode of area E; (b) second mode of area E; (c) third mode of area E; (e) first mode of area F; (f) second mode of area F; (g) third mode of area F.
Fig 13.
Structural frequency analysis and comparison.
(a) Structural frequency before settlement; (b) Structural frequency after settlement.
Table 5.
Modal analysis before structural settlement.
Fig 14.
Von Mises stress field of steel frame structures (unit: Pa).
Fig 15.
Stress concentration and damage in area F (unit: Pa).
Fig 16.
Different breaking columns methods.
(a) Schematic of different methods; (b) Realistic situations of breaking columns in areas E and F.
Fig 17.
Different lifting columns methods and load path.
Table 6.
Methods of broken and lifting columns.
Fig 18.
Von Mises stress field with different methods of broken columns (unit: Pa).
(a) Von Mises stress field with BC-#1 (b) Von Mises stress field with BC-#2.
Fig 19.
Damage zone with different inclination rectification methods (unit: Pa).
(a) Joint damage with BC-#1; (b) Joint damage with BC-#2.
Fig 20.
Structural deformation with different lifting methods (unit: M).
(a) Structural deformation result with LC-#1 (Scale factor: 20);(b) Structural deformation result with LC-#2 (Scale factor: 20).
Fig 21.
Structural mechanical response of steel frame with different lifting columns methods (unit: Pa and m).
(a) Von Mises stress distribution with LC-#1;(b) Von Mises stress distribution with LC-#2;(c) Structural maximum displacement with LC-#1;(d) Structural maximum displacement with LC-#2.
Fig 22.
Von Mises stress distribution along the length direction of the column.
Fig 23.
Energy dissipation with different methods.