Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.
Table 1.
Summary of study characteristics.
Fig 2.
Key: Classification of risk of bias for each included study, as determined by the Cochrane RoB-2 tool. Risk of bias is separated into five different domains that are rated separately, with an overall judgement of risk of bias also provided. All studies were rated as having either low risk of bias, or moderate risk of bias in all domains, with no study rated at a high risk of bias in any domain.
Table 2.
GRADE rating for certainty of evidence per study.
Table 3.
Direction of effect plot with RoB-2 and GRADE rating.