Fig 1.
The literature review of the issue of migration and public finance.
Table 1.
The specific division of the structure on fiscal expenditure.
Fig 2.
The impact of emigration on the fiscal gap.
Fig 3.
The fitting relation of fiscal gap and population emigration.
Fig (a) and Fig (b) show the fitting relationship between fiscal revenue gap and population emigration of 36 cities in Northeast China in 2010 and 2020, respectively. Fig (c) and Fig (d) show the fitting relationship between fiscal expenditure gap and population emigration of 36 cities in Northeast China in 2010 and 2020, respectively. Fig (e) and Fig (f) show the fitting relationship between fiscal gap and population emigration of 36 cities in Northeast China in 2010 and 2020, respectively.
Fig 4.
The correlation tests between each set of variables.
The correlation test refers to the Pearson correlation coefficient, which is used to describe linear correlation strength between variables. The value is between -1 and 1. When two variables have a strong linear correlation, the correlation coefficient is close to 1 or -1. Under the total normal distribution hypothesis, a set of variables can define a correlation matrix after the correlation coefficients are defined for two variables. The X-axis and Y-axis show the range ability of the correlation coefficients of each group of variables.
Table 2.
The calculation methods for each variable.
Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of all variables.
Table 4.
Unit root tests.
Table 5.
Cointegration tests.
Table 6.
Model estimation results.