Fig 1.
Among 1257 patients undergoing endoscopic treatment, 920 patients with esophageal varices were finally included in this study. These patients were divided into groups of primary or secondary prophylaxis and according to the concomitant treatment with statin, metformin and RASi. Abbreviations: N (total numbers), IQR (interquartile range), PHT (portal hypertension), OLT (orthotopic liver transplantation), TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt). PVT (portal vein thrombosis) Continuous variables are expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR).
Table 1.
Characteristics of patients undergoing endoscopic band ligation for primary bleeding prophylaxis according to intake of co-medication of interest.
Table 2.
Characteristics of patients undergoing endoscopic band ligation for secondary bleeding prophylaxis according to co-medications.
Table 3.
Comparison of co-medication usage in primary vs. secondary prophylaxis and Child-Pugh A vs. Child-Pugh B/C.
Fig 2.
Kaplan-Meier curves of (re-)bleeding rates for all patients with comedication (statin, metformin or RASi) or without comedication (A-C). Bar chart of first bleeding rates (D) and variceal rebleeding rates (E) within 2 years after first endoscopic band ligation, grouped by intake vs. non-intake of the respective co-medication of interest. n (total numbers), 1Y (Year 1), 2Y (Year 2), 3Y (Year 3), HR (Hazard-Ratio); 95% CI (95% confidence interval); n.s. (not significant); statistical comparisons were performed by log-rank tests.
Table 4.
Risk of (re-)bleeding and death using at least one comedication.
Fig 3.
Kaplan-Meier curves showing transplant-free survival for all patients with comedication (statin, metformin or RASi) or non-comedication (A-C). Bar chart of mortality rates in year 2 with comedication or non-comedication for primary prophylaxis and secondary prophylaxis (D,E). n (total numbers), 1Y (Year 1), 2Y (Year 2), 3Y (Year 3), HR (Hazard-Ratio); 95% CI (95% confidence interval); n.s. (not significant); statistical comparisons were performed by log-rank tests.
Fig 4.
Kaplan-Meier mortality curves with comedication (statin, metformin or RASi) or non-comedication for primary and secondary prophylaxis (A-F). n (total numbers), 1Y (Year 1), 2Y (Year 2), 3Y (Year 3), HR (Hazard-Ratio); 95% CI (95% confidence interval); n.s. (not significant); statistical comparisons were performed by log-rank tests.
Fig 5.
Kaplan-Meier (re-)bleeding curves with NSBB and comedication (statin, metformin or RASi) or non-comedication for primary and secondary prophylaxis.