Fig 1.
MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure.
Fig 2.
Diaphragmatic assessment through Ultrasonography.
a. B-mode image; arrowheads mark the pleura and peritoneum (white lines) delimiting the right appositional area of a normal diaphragm at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) on the left and at Total Lung Capacity (TLC) on the right. b. Indirect Technique- Ultrasound evaluation of craniocaudal displacement of the left branch of the hepatic portal vein. The vessel position was marked with the caliper during forced inspiration and expiration. Craniocaudal displacement of these points was recorded in millimeters and recorded as the degree of right diaphragmatic mobility.
Table 1.
Demographic, baseline values of cardiopulmonary variables, pulmonary function tests and ultrasonographic data of heart failure subjects.
Table 2.
Diaphragm thickness, diaphragm thickening fraction and mobility of heart failure subjects using different loads and devices.
Fig 3.
Correlation between diaphragm thickness (Tdi) and respiratory variables.
MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; S-Index, dynamic inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure; FVC, forced vital capacity. Data are presented in mean ± SD. Pearson’s correlation.